Gendered interplay between socioeconomic position, urbanization and excess weight: a multilevel analysis in Spain

Autores
Tumas, Natalia; Pericas, Juan M.; Rodríguez López, Santiago; Belvis Costes, Francesc; Martínez Herrera, Eliana; Gutierrez Zamora Navarro, Mariana; Cash Gibson, Lucinda; Benach, Joan
Año de publicación
2025
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
In a global context of increasingly urban populations, inequities, and obesity prevalence, the evidence about the joint influence of socioeconomic position (SEP), gender, and urbanization is crucial for defining effective and equitable actions. However, these relationships remain poorly understood in several countries, including Spain. We aim to evaluate the association between SEP and excess weight by gender and the interaction with the urbanization level of the place of residence among Spanish adults. This is a cross-sectional study with data on 20,331 individuals ≥ 18 years (52.1% women) from the third European Health Survey and the Living Conditions Survey for Spain (2020). SEP was proxied by individual education and household income, while urbanization was by the residential municipality size. We used gender-stratified Poisson mixed models to estimate Prevalence Rate Ratios of excess weight (Body Mass Index ≥ 25 kg/m2, based on selfreported weight and height) associated with individual SEP, including interactions with the urbanization level of the residential context. Low and medium educational levels are associated with higher prevalence of excess weight, stronger among women. Additionally, larger municipality size increases the individual SEP differences in excess weight among men: those of low education and income living in larger municipalities have higher prevalence of excess weight. Efforts to address excess weight should consider the interactions between SEP, gender, and urbanization, and include targeted interventions for more disadvantaged groups. Overall, our findings emphasize the need to develop more equity-oriented, context-specific, and gender-sensitive policy interventions to address the persistent epidemic of excess weight in Spain.
Fil: Tumas, Natalia. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques I Socials; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentina
Fil: Pericas, Juan M.. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques I Socials; España
Fil: Rodríguez López, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentina
Fil: Belvis Costes, Francesc. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques I Socials; España
Fil: Martínez Herrera, Eliana. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques I Socials; España
Fil: Gutierrez Zamora Navarro, Mariana. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques I Socials; España
Fil: Cash Gibson, Lucinda. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques I Socials; España
Fil: Benach, Joan. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques I Socials; España
Materia
OVERWEIGHT
OBESITY
SOCIAL POSITION
URBANIZATION
MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS
GENDER
SPAIN
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/264334
Acceder
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network_acronym_str CONICETDig
repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Gendered interplay between socioeconomic position, urbanization and excess weight: a multilevel analysis in SpainTumas, NataliaPericas, Juan M.Rodríguez López, SantiagoBelvis Costes, FrancescMartínez Herrera, ElianaGutierrez Zamora Navarro, MarianaCash Gibson, LucindaBenach, JoanOVERWEIGHTOBESITYSOCIAL POSITIONURBANIZATIONMULTILEVEL ANALYSISGENDERSPAINhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/3.3https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3In a global context of increasingly urban populations, inequities, and obesity prevalence, the evidence about the joint influence of socioeconomic position (SEP), gender, and urbanization is crucial for defining effective and equitable actions. However, these relationships remain poorly understood in several countries, including Spain. We aim to evaluate the association between SEP and excess weight by gender and the interaction with the urbanization level of the place of residence among Spanish adults. This is a cross-sectional study with data on 20,331 individuals ≥ 18 years (52.1% women) from the third European Health Survey and the Living Conditions Survey for Spain (2020). SEP was proxied by individual education and household income, while urbanization was by the residential municipality size. We used gender-stratified Poisson mixed models to estimate Prevalence Rate Ratios of excess weight (Body Mass Index ≥ 25 kg/m2, based on selfreported weight and height) associated with individual SEP, including interactions with the urbanization level of the residential context. Low and medium educational levels are associated with higher prevalence of excess weight, stronger among women. Additionally, larger municipality size increases the individual SEP differences in excess weight among men: those of low education and income living in larger municipalities have higher prevalence of excess weight. Efforts to address excess weight should consider the interactions between SEP, gender, and urbanization, and include targeted interventions for more disadvantaged groups. Overall, our findings emphasize the need to develop more equity-oriented, context-specific, and gender-sensitive policy interventions to address the persistent epidemic of excess weight in Spain.Fil: Tumas, Natalia. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques I Socials; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; ArgentinaFil: Pericas, Juan M.. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques I Socials; EspañaFil: Rodríguez López, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; ArgentinaFil: Belvis Costes, Francesc. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques I Socials; EspañaFil: Martínez Herrera, Eliana. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques I Socials; EspañaFil: Gutierrez Zamora Navarro, Mariana. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques I Socials; EspañaFil: Cash Gibson, Lucinda. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques I Socials; EspañaFil: Benach, Joan. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques I Socials; EspañaSpringer2025-05info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/264334Tumas, Natalia; Pericas, Juan M.; Rodríguez López, Santiago; Belvis Costes, Francesc; Martínez Herrera, Eliana; et al.; Gendered interplay between socioeconomic position, urbanization and excess weight: a multilevel analysis in Spain; Springer; Discover Public Health; 22; 1; 5-2025; 1-103005-0774CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://link.springer.com/10.1186/s12982-025-00672-winfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1186/s12982-025-00672-winfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-03T09:59:39Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/264334instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-03 09:59:39.911CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Gendered interplay between socioeconomic position, urbanization and excess weight: a multilevel analysis in Spain
title Gendered interplay between socioeconomic position, urbanization and excess weight: a multilevel analysis in Spain
spellingShingle Gendered interplay between socioeconomic position, urbanization and excess weight: a multilevel analysis in Spain
Tumas, Natalia
OVERWEIGHT
OBESITY
SOCIAL POSITION
URBANIZATION
MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS
GENDER
SPAIN
title_short Gendered interplay between socioeconomic position, urbanization and excess weight: a multilevel analysis in Spain
title_full Gendered interplay between socioeconomic position, urbanization and excess weight: a multilevel analysis in Spain
title_fullStr Gendered interplay between socioeconomic position, urbanization and excess weight: a multilevel analysis in Spain
title_full_unstemmed Gendered interplay between socioeconomic position, urbanization and excess weight: a multilevel analysis in Spain
title_sort Gendered interplay between socioeconomic position, urbanization and excess weight: a multilevel analysis in Spain
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Tumas, Natalia
Pericas, Juan M.
Rodríguez López, Santiago
Belvis Costes, Francesc
Martínez Herrera, Eliana
Gutierrez Zamora Navarro, Mariana
Cash Gibson, Lucinda
Benach, Joan
author Tumas, Natalia
author_facet Tumas, Natalia
Pericas, Juan M.
Rodríguez López, Santiago
Belvis Costes, Francesc
Martínez Herrera, Eliana
Gutierrez Zamora Navarro, Mariana
Cash Gibson, Lucinda
Benach, Joan
author_role author
author2 Pericas, Juan M.
Rodríguez López, Santiago
Belvis Costes, Francesc
Martínez Herrera, Eliana
Gutierrez Zamora Navarro, Mariana
Cash Gibson, Lucinda
Benach, Joan
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv OVERWEIGHT
OBESITY
SOCIAL POSITION
URBANIZATION
MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS
GENDER
SPAIN
topic OVERWEIGHT
OBESITY
SOCIAL POSITION
URBANIZATION
MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS
GENDER
SPAIN
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3.3
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv In a global context of increasingly urban populations, inequities, and obesity prevalence, the evidence about the joint influence of socioeconomic position (SEP), gender, and urbanization is crucial for defining effective and equitable actions. However, these relationships remain poorly understood in several countries, including Spain. We aim to evaluate the association between SEP and excess weight by gender and the interaction with the urbanization level of the place of residence among Spanish adults. This is a cross-sectional study with data on 20,331 individuals ≥ 18 years (52.1% women) from the third European Health Survey and the Living Conditions Survey for Spain (2020). SEP was proxied by individual education and household income, while urbanization was by the residential municipality size. We used gender-stratified Poisson mixed models to estimate Prevalence Rate Ratios of excess weight (Body Mass Index ≥ 25 kg/m2, based on selfreported weight and height) associated with individual SEP, including interactions with the urbanization level of the residential context. Low and medium educational levels are associated with higher prevalence of excess weight, stronger among women. Additionally, larger municipality size increases the individual SEP differences in excess weight among men: those of low education and income living in larger municipalities have higher prevalence of excess weight. Efforts to address excess weight should consider the interactions between SEP, gender, and urbanization, and include targeted interventions for more disadvantaged groups. Overall, our findings emphasize the need to develop more equity-oriented, context-specific, and gender-sensitive policy interventions to address the persistent epidemic of excess weight in Spain.
Fil: Tumas, Natalia. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques I Socials; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentina
Fil: Pericas, Juan M.. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques I Socials; España
Fil: Rodríguez López, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentina
Fil: Belvis Costes, Francesc. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques I Socials; España
Fil: Martínez Herrera, Eliana. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques I Socials; España
Fil: Gutierrez Zamora Navarro, Mariana. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques I Socials; España
Fil: Cash Gibson, Lucinda. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques I Socials; España
Fil: Benach, Joan. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Ciències Polítiques I Socials; España
description In a global context of increasingly urban populations, inequities, and obesity prevalence, the evidence about the joint influence of socioeconomic position (SEP), gender, and urbanization is crucial for defining effective and equitable actions. However, these relationships remain poorly understood in several countries, including Spain. We aim to evaluate the association between SEP and excess weight by gender and the interaction with the urbanization level of the place of residence among Spanish adults. This is a cross-sectional study with data on 20,331 individuals ≥ 18 years (52.1% women) from the third European Health Survey and the Living Conditions Survey for Spain (2020). SEP was proxied by individual education and household income, while urbanization was by the residential municipality size. We used gender-stratified Poisson mixed models to estimate Prevalence Rate Ratios of excess weight (Body Mass Index ≥ 25 kg/m2, based on selfreported weight and height) associated with individual SEP, including interactions with the urbanization level of the residential context. Low and medium educational levels are associated with higher prevalence of excess weight, stronger among women. Additionally, larger municipality size increases the individual SEP differences in excess weight among men: those of low education and income living in larger municipalities have higher prevalence of excess weight. Efforts to address excess weight should consider the interactions between SEP, gender, and urbanization, and include targeted interventions for more disadvantaged groups. Overall, our findings emphasize the need to develop more equity-oriented, context-specific, and gender-sensitive policy interventions to address the persistent epidemic of excess weight in Spain.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-05
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/264334
Tumas, Natalia; Pericas, Juan M.; Rodríguez López, Santiago; Belvis Costes, Francesc; Martínez Herrera, Eliana; et al.; Gendered interplay between socioeconomic position, urbanization and excess weight: a multilevel analysis in Spain; Springer; Discover Public Health; 22; 1; 5-2025; 1-10
3005-0774
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/264334
identifier_str_mv Tumas, Natalia; Pericas, Juan M.; Rodríguez López, Santiago; Belvis Costes, Francesc; Martínez Herrera, Eliana; et al.; Gendered interplay between socioeconomic position, urbanization and excess weight: a multilevel analysis in Spain; Springer; Discover Public Health; 22; 1; 5-2025; 1-10
3005-0774
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
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info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1186/s12982-025-00672-w
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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