A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates

• Autores: Zimin, Anna; Zimin, Sean V.; Shine, Richard; Avila, Luciano Javier; Bauer, Aaron; Böhm, Monika; Brown, Rafe; Barki, Goni; de Oliveira Caetano, Gabriel Henrique; Castro Herrera, Fernando; Chapple, David G.; Chirio, Laurent; Colli, Guarino Rinaldi; Doan, Tiffany M.; Glaw, Frank; Grismer, L. Lee; Itescu, Yuval; Kraus, Fred; LeBreton, Matthew; Martins, Marcio; Morando, Mariana; Murali, Gopal; Nagy, Zoltán T.; Novosolov, Maria; Oliver, Paul; Passos, Paulo; Pauwels, Olivier S. G.; Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel; Ribeiro-Junior, Marco Antonio; Shea, Glenn; Tingley, Reid; Torres-Carvajal, Omar; Trape, Jean-François; Uetz, Peter; Wagner, Philipp; Roll, Uri; Meiri, Shai
• Año de publicación: 2022
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: BIOGEOGRAPHY; BODY SIZE; CLIMATIC VARIABILITY; COLD CLIMATE; ELEVATION; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; REPRODUCTION; SQUAMATES; STRUCTUAL EQUATION MODELLING; VIVIPARITY
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Aim: Viviparity has evolved more times in squamates than in any other vertebrate group; therefore, squamates offer an excellent model system in which to study the patterns, drivers and implications of reproductive mode evolution. Based on current species distributions, we examined three selective forces hypothesized to drive the evolution of squamate viviparity (cold climate, variable climate and hypoxic conditions) and tested whether viviparity is associated with larger body size. Location: Global. Time period: Present day. Taxon: Squamata. Methods: We compiled a dataset of 9061 squamate species, including their distributions, elevation, climate, body mass and reproductive modes. We applied species-leveland assemblage-level approaches for predicting reproductive mode, both globally and within biogeographical realms. We tested the relationships of temperature, interannual and intra-annual climatic variation, elevation (as a proxy for hypoxic conditions) and body mass with reproductive mode, using path analyses to account for correlations among the environmental predictors. Results: Viviparity was strongly associated with cold climates at both species and assemblage levels, despite the prevalence of viviparity in some warm climates. Viviparity was not clearly correlated with climatic variability or elevation. The probability of being viviparous exhibited a weak positive correlation with body size. Conclusions: Although phylogenetic history is important, potentially explaining the occurrence of viviparous species in regions that are warm at present, current global squamate distribution is characterized by a higher relative abundance of viviparity in cold environments, supporting the prediction of the “cold-climate” hypothesis.The roles of climatic variation and hypoxia are less important and not straightforward. Elevation probably exerts various selective pressures and influences the prevalence of viviparity primarily through its effect on temperature rather than on oxygen concentration.
Fil: Zimin, Anna. Tel Aviv University; Israel
Fil: Zimin, Sean V.. Ben Gurion University of the Negev; Israel
Fil: Shine, Richard. Macquarie University; Australia
Fil: Avila, Luciano Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales; Argentina
Fil: Bauer, Aaron. Villanova University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Böhm, Monika. Indianapolis Zoological Society; Estados Unidos
Fil: Brown, Rafe. University of Kansas; Estados Unidos
Fil: Barki, Goni. Ben Gurion University of the Negev; Israel
Fil: de Oliveira Caetano, Gabriel Henrique. Ben Gurion University of the Negev; Israel
Fil: Castro Herrera, Fernando. Universidad del Valle; Colombia
Fil: Chapple, David G.. Monash University; Australia
Fil: Chirio, Laurent. Museum National D´historie Naturelle; Francia
Fil: Colli, Guarino Rinaldi. Universidade do Brasília; Brasil
Fil: Doan, Tiffany M.. New College of Florida; Estados Unidos
Fil: Glaw, Frank. Zoologische Staatssammlung München; Alemania
Fil: Grismer, L. Lee. La Sierra University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Itescu, Yuval. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania. Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; Alemania
Fil: Kraus, Fred. University of Michigan; Estados Unidos
Fil: LeBreton, Matthew. Mosaic; Camerún
Fil: Martins, Marcio. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil
Fil: Morando, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales; Argentina
Fil: Murali, Gopal. Ben Gurion University of the Negev; Israel
Fil: Nagy, Zoltán T.. Independent Research; Bélgica
Fil: Novosolov, Maria. University Of Copenhaguen; Dinamarca
Fil: Oliver, Paul. Griffith University; Australia. Queensland Museum; Australia
Fil: Passos, Paulo. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil
Fil: Pauwels, Olivier S. G.. Royal Belgian Institute Of Natural Sciences; Bélgica
Fil: Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel. The Queens University of Belfast; Irlanda
Fil: Ribeiro-Junior, Marco Antonio. Tel Aviv University; Israel
Fil: Shea, Glenn. University of Sydney; Australia. The Australian Museum; Australia
Fil: Tingley, Reid. Monash University; Australia
Fil: Torres-Carvajal, Omar. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador; Ecuador
Fil: Trape, Jean-François. Institut de Recherche Pour Le Developpement; Senegal
Fil: Uetz, Peter. Virginia Commonwealth University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Wagner, Philipp. Allwetterzoo Münster; Alemania. Villanova University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Roll, Uri. Ben Gurion University of the Negev; Israel
Fil: Meiri, Shai. Tel Aviv University; Israel