Pollination and biological control research: are we neglecting two billion smallholders

Autores
Steward, Peter R.; Shackelford, Gorm; Carvalheiro, Luísa G.; Benton, Tim G.; Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro; Sait, Steven M.
Año de publicación
2014
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Food insecurity is a major world problem, with ca. 870 million people in the world being chronically undernourished. Most of these people live in tropical, developing regions and rely on smallholder farming for food security. Solving the problem of food insecurity is thought to depend, in part, on managing ecosystem services, such as the pollination of crops and the biological control of crop pests, to enhance or maintain food production. Our knowledge regarding regulating ecosystem services in smallholder-farmed (or dualistic) landscapes is limited and whilst pollination has been the focus of considerable research, the provision of natural enemy services, important for every crop worldwide, has been relatively neglected. In order to assess whether ecosystem-service research adequately represents smallholder-farmed landscapes, whilst also considering climatic region and national economic status, we examined the constituent studies of recent quantitative reviews relevant to biological control and pollination. No regulating ecosystem service meta-analysis, to our knowledge, has focussed on smallholder agriculture despite its importance to billions of peoples' local food security. We found that whilst smallholdings contributed 16% of global farmland area and 83% of the global agricultural population (estimated using Food and Agriculture Organisation's (FAO's) World Census of Agriculture 2000) only 22 of 190 studies (12%) overall, came from smallholder-farmed landscapes. These smallholder studies mostly concerned coffee production (16 studies). Individual reviews of biological control were significantly and strongly biased towards data from large-scale farming in temperate regions. In contrast, pollination reviews included more smallholder studies and were more balanced for climate regions. The high diversity of smallholder-farmed landscapes implies that more research will be needed to understand them compared to large-scale landscapes, but we found far more research from the latter. We highlight that these skews in research effort have implications for sustainable intensification and the food security of billions in the developing world. In particular, we urge for balance in future ecosystem-services research and synthesis by greater consideration of a diverse range of smallholder-farmed landscapes in Africa and continental Asia.
Fil: Steward, Peter R.. University of Leeds; Reino Unido
Fil: Shackelford, Gorm. University of Leeds; Reino Unido
Fil: Carvalheiro, Luísa G.. University of Leeds; Reino Unido
Fil: Benton, Tim G.. University of Leeds; Reino Unido
Fil: Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Andina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina
Fil: Sait, Steven M.. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Andina; Argentina
Materia
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
ECOSYSTEM SERVICE
FOOD SECURITY
POLLINATION
SMALLHOLDER
SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/180501

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network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Pollination and biological control research: are we neglecting two billion smallholdersSteward, Peter R.Shackelford, GormCarvalheiro, Luísa G.Benton, Tim G.Garibaldi, Lucas AlejandroSait, Steven M.BIOLOGICAL CONTROLECOSYSTEM SERVICEFOOD SECURITYPOLLINATIONSMALLHOLDERSUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATIONhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4https://purl.org/becyt/ford/5.2https://purl.org/becyt/ford/5https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4Food insecurity is a major world problem, with ca. 870 million people in the world being chronically undernourished. Most of these people live in tropical, developing regions and rely on smallholder farming for food security. Solving the problem of food insecurity is thought to depend, in part, on managing ecosystem services, such as the pollination of crops and the biological control of crop pests, to enhance or maintain food production. Our knowledge regarding regulating ecosystem services in smallholder-farmed (or dualistic) landscapes is limited and whilst pollination has been the focus of considerable research, the provision of natural enemy services, important for every crop worldwide, has been relatively neglected. In order to assess whether ecosystem-service research adequately represents smallholder-farmed landscapes, whilst also considering climatic region and national economic status, we examined the constituent studies of recent quantitative reviews relevant to biological control and pollination. No regulating ecosystem service meta-analysis, to our knowledge, has focussed on smallholder agriculture despite its importance to billions of peoples' local food security. We found that whilst smallholdings contributed 16% of global farmland area and 83% of the global agricultural population (estimated using Food and Agriculture Organisation's (FAO's) World Census of Agriculture 2000) only 22 of 190 studies (12%) overall, came from smallholder-farmed landscapes. These smallholder studies mostly concerned coffee production (16 studies). Individual reviews of biological control were significantly and strongly biased towards data from large-scale farming in temperate regions. In contrast, pollination reviews included more smallholder studies and were more balanced for climate regions. The high diversity of smallholder-farmed landscapes implies that more research will be needed to understand them compared to large-scale landscapes, but we found far more research from the latter. We highlight that these skews in research effort have implications for sustainable intensification and the food security of billions in the developing world. In particular, we urge for balance in future ecosystem-services research and synthesis by greater consideration of a diverse range of smallholder-farmed landscapes in Africa and continental Asia.Fil: Steward, Peter R.. University of Leeds; Reino UnidoFil: Shackelford, Gorm. University of Leeds; Reino UnidoFil: Carvalheiro, Luísa G.. University of Leeds; Reino UnidoFil: Benton, Tim G.. University of Leeds; Reino UnidoFil: Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Andina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Sait, Steven M.. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Andina; ArgentinaBioMed Central2014-04info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/180501Steward, Peter R.; Shackelford, Gorm; Carvalheiro, Luísa G.; Benton, Tim G.; Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro; et al.; Pollination and biological control research: are we neglecting two billion smallholders; BioMed Central; Agriculture and Food Security; 3; 1; 4-2014; 1-132048-7010CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://www.agricultureandfoodsecurity.com/content/3/1/5info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1186/2048-7010-3-5info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T09:45:18Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/180501instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 09:45:18.692CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Pollination and biological control research: are we neglecting two billion smallholders
title Pollination and biological control research: are we neglecting two billion smallholders
spellingShingle Pollination and biological control research: are we neglecting two billion smallholders
Steward, Peter R.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
ECOSYSTEM SERVICE
FOOD SECURITY
POLLINATION
SMALLHOLDER
SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION
title_short Pollination and biological control research: are we neglecting two billion smallholders
title_full Pollination and biological control research: are we neglecting two billion smallholders
title_fullStr Pollination and biological control research: are we neglecting two billion smallholders
title_full_unstemmed Pollination and biological control research: are we neglecting two billion smallholders
title_sort Pollination and biological control research: are we neglecting two billion smallholders
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Steward, Peter R.
Shackelford, Gorm
Carvalheiro, Luísa G.
Benton, Tim G.
Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro
Sait, Steven M.
author Steward, Peter R.
author_facet Steward, Peter R.
Shackelford, Gorm
Carvalheiro, Luísa G.
Benton, Tim G.
Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro
Sait, Steven M.
author_role author
author2 Shackelford, Gorm
Carvalheiro, Luísa G.
Benton, Tim G.
Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro
Sait, Steven M.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
ECOSYSTEM SERVICE
FOOD SECURITY
POLLINATION
SMALLHOLDER
SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION
topic BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
ECOSYSTEM SERVICE
FOOD SECURITY
POLLINATION
SMALLHOLDER
SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/5.2
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/5
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Food insecurity is a major world problem, with ca. 870 million people in the world being chronically undernourished. Most of these people live in tropical, developing regions and rely on smallholder farming for food security. Solving the problem of food insecurity is thought to depend, in part, on managing ecosystem services, such as the pollination of crops and the biological control of crop pests, to enhance or maintain food production. Our knowledge regarding regulating ecosystem services in smallholder-farmed (or dualistic) landscapes is limited and whilst pollination has been the focus of considerable research, the provision of natural enemy services, important for every crop worldwide, has been relatively neglected. In order to assess whether ecosystem-service research adequately represents smallholder-farmed landscapes, whilst also considering climatic region and national economic status, we examined the constituent studies of recent quantitative reviews relevant to biological control and pollination. No regulating ecosystem service meta-analysis, to our knowledge, has focussed on smallholder agriculture despite its importance to billions of peoples' local food security. We found that whilst smallholdings contributed 16% of global farmland area and 83% of the global agricultural population (estimated using Food and Agriculture Organisation's (FAO's) World Census of Agriculture 2000) only 22 of 190 studies (12%) overall, came from smallholder-farmed landscapes. These smallholder studies mostly concerned coffee production (16 studies). Individual reviews of biological control were significantly and strongly biased towards data from large-scale farming in temperate regions. In contrast, pollination reviews included more smallholder studies and were more balanced for climate regions. The high diversity of smallholder-farmed landscapes implies that more research will be needed to understand them compared to large-scale landscapes, but we found far more research from the latter. We highlight that these skews in research effort have implications for sustainable intensification and the food security of billions in the developing world. In particular, we urge for balance in future ecosystem-services research and synthesis by greater consideration of a diverse range of smallholder-farmed landscapes in Africa and continental Asia.
Fil: Steward, Peter R.. University of Leeds; Reino Unido
Fil: Shackelford, Gorm. University of Leeds; Reino Unido
Fil: Carvalheiro, Luísa G.. University of Leeds; Reino Unido
Fil: Benton, Tim G.. University of Leeds; Reino Unido
Fil: Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Andina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina
Fil: Sait, Steven M.. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Andina; Argentina
description Food insecurity is a major world problem, with ca. 870 million people in the world being chronically undernourished. Most of these people live in tropical, developing regions and rely on smallholder farming for food security. Solving the problem of food insecurity is thought to depend, in part, on managing ecosystem services, such as the pollination of crops and the biological control of crop pests, to enhance or maintain food production. Our knowledge regarding regulating ecosystem services in smallholder-farmed (or dualistic) landscapes is limited and whilst pollination has been the focus of considerable research, the provision of natural enemy services, important for every crop worldwide, has been relatively neglected. In order to assess whether ecosystem-service research adequately represents smallholder-farmed landscapes, whilst also considering climatic region and national economic status, we examined the constituent studies of recent quantitative reviews relevant to biological control and pollination. No regulating ecosystem service meta-analysis, to our knowledge, has focussed on smallholder agriculture despite its importance to billions of peoples' local food security. We found that whilst smallholdings contributed 16% of global farmland area and 83% of the global agricultural population (estimated using Food and Agriculture Organisation's (FAO's) World Census of Agriculture 2000) only 22 of 190 studies (12%) overall, came from smallholder-farmed landscapes. These smallholder studies mostly concerned coffee production (16 studies). Individual reviews of biological control were significantly and strongly biased towards data from large-scale farming in temperate regions. In contrast, pollination reviews included more smallholder studies and were more balanced for climate regions. The high diversity of smallholder-farmed landscapes implies that more research will be needed to understand them compared to large-scale landscapes, but we found far more research from the latter. We highlight that these skews in research effort have implications for sustainable intensification and the food security of billions in the developing world. In particular, we urge for balance in future ecosystem-services research and synthesis by greater consideration of a diverse range of smallholder-farmed landscapes in Africa and continental Asia.
publishDate 2014
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2014-04
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/180501
Steward, Peter R.; Shackelford, Gorm; Carvalheiro, Luísa G.; Benton, Tim G.; Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro; et al.; Pollination and biological control research: are we neglecting two billion smallholders; BioMed Central; Agriculture and Food Security; 3; 1; 4-2014; 1-13
2048-7010
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/180501
identifier_str_mv Steward, Peter R.; Shackelford, Gorm; Carvalheiro, Luísa G.; Benton, Tim G.; Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro; et al.; Pollination and biological control research: are we neglecting two billion smallholders; BioMed Central; Agriculture and Food Security; 3; 1; 4-2014; 1-13
2048-7010
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
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info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1186/2048-7010-3-5
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv BioMed Central
publisher.none.fl_str_mv BioMed Central
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