Are Glial Cells Critical Participants in Brain Development, Function, and Disease?

Autores
Acosta, Gabriela Beatriz
Año de publicación
2012
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Recently, an increasing number of studies have implicated a third element in plasticity; the perisynaptic glial cell. Originally glial cells were thought to be important for metabolic maintenance and support of Central The Nervous System (CNS). However, work in the past decade has clearly demonstrated active involvement of glia in stability and overall nervous system function as well as synaptic plasticity. Glial cells have a function similar to their counterparts more excitable CNS: neurons. Within the developing nervous system, astrocytes and Schwann cells actively help to promote synapse formation and function, and have even been involved in the elimination of synapses. In the adult brain, the astrocytes respond to synaptic activity by releasing transmitters that modulate synaptic activity. Thus, glia is active participants in brain function. Recent research has changed the perception of glia, in addition to help and support cells to neurons, are also dynamic partners participating in brain metabolism and communication between neurons. The discovery of new glial functions coincides with growing studies of the involvement of glia in brain diseases are the most common head injury, stroke, and injury to the spinal cord, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Down´s syndrome, glioma, major depressive disorder and autism. Could Glial Cells Be Important Drug Targets? Many questions remain about the identity of the glial cells and its importance. In conclusion, evidence has been demonstrated that glial cells not only play a supportive role for neuronal activity, but that they are also involved in the regulation of neuronal network plasticity. From simple homosynaptic modulation to complex hippocampal plasticity, the tripartite synapse is the basis of these interactions and modulations. Owing to the plasticity of glial cells, their heterogeneity and their exquisite sensitivity to neuronal activity and synaptic transmission, it is fascinating to hypothesize that glial cells could have central roles in many different forms of plasticity. Evidence suggests that glia and neurons should no longer be considered independent cellular elements in the CNS system, but rather two interrelated, interconnected pathways involved in information processing and plasticity.
Fil: Acosta, Gabriela Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas; Argentina
Materia
glia
neuron
central nervous system
synaptic activity
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/67298

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spelling Are Glial Cells Critical Participants in Brain Development, Function, and Disease?Acosta, Gabriela Beatrizglianeuroncentral nervous systemsynaptic activityhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/3.3https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3Recently, an increasing number of studies have implicated a third element in plasticity; the perisynaptic glial cell. Originally glial cells were thought to be important for metabolic maintenance and support of Central The Nervous System (CNS). However, work in the past decade has clearly demonstrated active involvement of glia in stability and overall nervous system function as well as synaptic plasticity. Glial cells have a function similar to their counterparts more excitable CNS: neurons. Within the developing nervous system, astrocytes and Schwann cells actively help to promote synapse formation and function, and have even been involved in the elimination of synapses. In the adult brain, the astrocytes respond to synaptic activity by releasing transmitters that modulate synaptic activity. Thus, glia is active participants in brain function. Recent research has changed the perception of glia, in addition to help and support cells to neurons, are also dynamic partners participating in brain metabolism and communication between neurons. The discovery of new glial functions coincides with growing studies of the involvement of glia in brain diseases are the most common head injury, stroke, and injury to the spinal cord, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Down´s syndrome, glioma, major depressive disorder and autism. Could Glial Cells Be Important Drug Targets? Many questions remain about the identity of the glial cells and its importance. In conclusion, evidence has been demonstrated that glial cells not only play a supportive role for neuronal activity, but that they are also involved in the regulation of neuronal network plasticity. From simple homosynaptic modulation to complex hippocampal plasticity, the tripartite synapse is the basis of these interactions and modulations. Owing to the plasticity of glial cells, their heterogeneity and their exquisite sensitivity to neuronal activity and synaptic transmission, it is fascinating to hypothesize that glial cells could have central roles in many different forms of plasticity. Evidence suggests that glia and neurons should no longer be considered independent cellular elements in the CNS system, but rather two interrelated, interconnected pathways involved in information processing and plasticity.Fil: Acosta, Gabriela Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas; ArgentinaOMINCS2012-09info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/67298Acosta, Gabriela Beatriz; Are Glial Cells Critical Participants in Brain Development, Function, and Disease?; OMINCS; Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology; 2; 2; 9-2012; 2-32161-1459CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.4172/2161-1459.1000e104info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.omicsonline.org/are-glial-cells-critical-participants-in-brain-development-function-and-disease-2161-1459.1000e104.php?aid=8668info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-03T09:51:08Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/67298instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-03 09:51:09.031CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Are Glial Cells Critical Participants in Brain Development, Function, and Disease?
title Are Glial Cells Critical Participants in Brain Development, Function, and Disease?
spellingShingle Are Glial Cells Critical Participants in Brain Development, Function, and Disease?
Acosta, Gabriela Beatriz
glia
neuron
central nervous system
synaptic activity
title_short Are Glial Cells Critical Participants in Brain Development, Function, and Disease?
title_full Are Glial Cells Critical Participants in Brain Development, Function, and Disease?
title_fullStr Are Glial Cells Critical Participants in Brain Development, Function, and Disease?
title_full_unstemmed Are Glial Cells Critical Participants in Brain Development, Function, and Disease?
title_sort Are Glial Cells Critical Participants in Brain Development, Function, and Disease?
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Acosta, Gabriela Beatriz
author Acosta, Gabriela Beatriz
author_facet Acosta, Gabriela Beatriz
author_role author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv glia
neuron
central nervous system
synaptic activity
topic glia
neuron
central nervous system
synaptic activity
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3.3
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Recently, an increasing number of studies have implicated a third element in plasticity; the perisynaptic glial cell. Originally glial cells were thought to be important for metabolic maintenance and support of Central The Nervous System (CNS). However, work in the past decade has clearly demonstrated active involvement of glia in stability and overall nervous system function as well as synaptic plasticity. Glial cells have a function similar to their counterparts more excitable CNS: neurons. Within the developing nervous system, astrocytes and Schwann cells actively help to promote synapse formation and function, and have even been involved in the elimination of synapses. In the adult brain, the astrocytes respond to synaptic activity by releasing transmitters that modulate synaptic activity. Thus, glia is active participants in brain function. Recent research has changed the perception of glia, in addition to help and support cells to neurons, are also dynamic partners participating in brain metabolism and communication between neurons. The discovery of new glial functions coincides with growing studies of the involvement of glia in brain diseases are the most common head injury, stroke, and injury to the spinal cord, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Down´s syndrome, glioma, major depressive disorder and autism. Could Glial Cells Be Important Drug Targets? Many questions remain about the identity of the glial cells and its importance. In conclusion, evidence has been demonstrated that glial cells not only play a supportive role for neuronal activity, but that they are also involved in the regulation of neuronal network plasticity. From simple homosynaptic modulation to complex hippocampal plasticity, the tripartite synapse is the basis of these interactions and modulations. Owing to the plasticity of glial cells, their heterogeneity and their exquisite sensitivity to neuronal activity and synaptic transmission, it is fascinating to hypothesize that glial cells could have central roles in many different forms of plasticity. Evidence suggests that glia and neurons should no longer be considered independent cellular elements in the CNS system, but rather two interrelated, interconnected pathways involved in information processing and plasticity.
Fil: Acosta, Gabriela Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas; Argentina
description Recently, an increasing number of studies have implicated a third element in plasticity; the perisynaptic glial cell. Originally glial cells were thought to be important for metabolic maintenance and support of Central The Nervous System (CNS). However, work in the past decade has clearly demonstrated active involvement of glia in stability and overall nervous system function as well as synaptic plasticity. Glial cells have a function similar to their counterparts more excitable CNS: neurons. Within the developing nervous system, astrocytes and Schwann cells actively help to promote synapse formation and function, and have even been involved in the elimination of synapses. In the adult brain, the astrocytes respond to synaptic activity by releasing transmitters that modulate synaptic activity. Thus, glia is active participants in brain function. Recent research has changed the perception of glia, in addition to help and support cells to neurons, are also dynamic partners participating in brain metabolism and communication between neurons. The discovery of new glial functions coincides with growing studies of the involvement of glia in brain diseases are the most common head injury, stroke, and injury to the spinal cord, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Down´s syndrome, glioma, major depressive disorder and autism. Could Glial Cells Be Important Drug Targets? Many questions remain about the identity of the glial cells and its importance. In conclusion, evidence has been demonstrated that glial cells not only play a supportive role for neuronal activity, but that they are also involved in the regulation of neuronal network plasticity. From simple homosynaptic modulation to complex hippocampal plasticity, the tripartite synapse is the basis of these interactions and modulations. Owing to the plasticity of glial cells, their heterogeneity and their exquisite sensitivity to neuronal activity and synaptic transmission, it is fascinating to hypothesize that glial cells could have central roles in many different forms of plasticity. Evidence suggests that glia and neurons should no longer be considered independent cellular elements in the CNS system, but rather two interrelated, interconnected pathways involved in information processing and plasticity.
publishDate 2012
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2012-09
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/67298
Acosta, Gabriela Beatriz; Are Glial Cells Critical Participants in Brain Development, Function, and Disease?; OMINCS; Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology; 2; 2; 9-2012; 2-3
2161-1459
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/67298
identifier_str_mv Acosta, Gabriela Beatriz; Are Glial Cells Critical Participants in Brain Development, Function, and Disease?; OMINCS; Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology; 2; 2; 9-2012; 2-3
2161-1459
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.4172/2161-1459.1000e104
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.omicsonline.org/are-glial-cells-critical-participants-in-brain-development-function-and-disease-2161-1459.1000e104.php?aid=8668
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv OMINCS
publisher.none.fl_str_mv OMINCS
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