Weak tradeoff between xylem safety and xylem-specific hydraulic efficiency across the world's woody plant species

• Autores: Gleason, Sean M.; Westoby, Mark; Jansen, Steven; Choat, Brendan; Hacke, Uwe G.; Pratt, Robert B.; Bhaskar, Radika; Brodibb, Tim J.; Bucci, Sandra Janet; Cao, Kun-Fang; Cochard, Hervé; Delzon, Sylvain; Domec, Jean-Christophe; Fan, Ze-Xin; Feild, Taylor S.; Jacobsen, Anna L.; Johnson, Daniel M.; Lens, Frederic; Maherali, Hafiz; Martínez-Viralta, Jordi; Mayr, Stefan; McCulloh, Katherine A.; Mencuccini, Maurizio; Mitchell, Patrick J.; Morris, Hugh; Nardini, Andrea; Pittermann, Jarmila; Plavcová, Lenka; Schreiber, Stefan G.; Sperry, John S.; Wright, Ian J.; Zanne, Ami E.
• Año de publicación: 2015
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: Cavitation; Embolism; Hydraulic Conductivity; Xylem
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

* The evolution of lignified xylem allowed for the efficient transport of water under tension, but also exposed the vascular network to the risk of gas emboli and the spread of gas between xylem conduits, thus impeding sap transport to the leaves. A well-known hypothesis proposes that the safety of xylem (its ability to resist embolism formation and spread) should trade off against xylem efficiency (its capacity to transport water). * We tested this safety–efficiency hypothesis in branch xylem across 335 angiosperm and 89 gymnosperm species. Safety was considered at three levels: the xylem water potentials where 12%, 50% and 88% of maximal conductivity are lost. * Although correlations between safety and efficiency were weak (r2 < 0.086), no species had high efficiency and high safety, supporting the idea for a safety–efficiency tradeoff. However, many species had low efficiency and low safety. Species with low efficiency and low safety were weakly associated (r2 < 0.02 in most cases) with higher wood density, lower leaf- to sapwood-area and shorter stature. * There appears to be no persuasive explanation for the considerable number of species with both low efficiency and low safety. These species represent a real challenge for understanding the evolution of xylem.
Fil: Gleason, Sean M.. Macquarie University. Department of Biological Sciences ; Australia. USDA-ARS. Water Management Research; Estados Unidos
Fil: Westoby, Mark. Macquarie University. Department of Biological Sciences; Australia
Fil: Jansen, Steven. Ulm University. Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology; Alemania
Fil: Choat, Brendan. Western Sydney University. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment; Australia
Fil: Hacke, Uwe G.. University of Alberta. Department of Renewable Resources; Canadá
Fil: Pratt, Robert B.. California State University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos
Fil: Bhaskar, Radika. Haverford College. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos
Fil: Brodibb, Tim J.. University of Tasmania. School of Biological Sciences; Australia
Fil: Bucci, Sandra Janet. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Golfo San Jorge. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Golfo San Jorge. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "san Juan Bosco". Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Golfo San Jorge; Argentina
Fil: Cao, Kun-Fang. Guangxi University. College of Forestry. Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources ; China
Fil: Cochard, Hervé. Clermont Université. Université Blaise Pascal. UMR547 PIAF; Francia. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia
Fil: Delzon, Sylvain. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia
Fil: Domec, Jean-Christophe. Duke University, Durham. Nicholas School of the Environment; Estados Unidos. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia
Fil: Fan, Ze-Xin. Chinese Academy of Sciences. Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden. Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology; China
Fil: Feild, Taylor S.. James Cook University. School of Marine and Tropical Biology; Australia
Fil: Jacobsen, Anna L.. California State University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos
Fil: Johnson, Daniel M.. University of Idaho. Rangeland and Fire Sciences. Department of Forest; Estados Unidos
Fil: Lens, Frederic. Leiden University. Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Países Bajos
Fil: Maherali, Hafiz. University of Guelph. Department of Integrative Biology; Canadá
Fil: Martínez-Viralta, Jordi. CREAF; España. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats; España
Fil: Mayr, Stefan. University of Innsbruck. Department of Botany; Austria
Fil: McCulloh, Katherine A.. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Department of Botany; Estados Unidos
Fil: Mencuccini, Maurizio. University of Edinburgh. School of GeoSciences; Reino Unido. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats; España
Fil: Mitchell, Patrick J.. CSIRO Land and Water Flagship; Australia
Fil: Morris, Hugh. Ulm University. Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology ; Alemania
Fil: Nardini, Andrea. Università Trieste. Dipartimento Scienze della Vita ; Italia
Fil: Pittermann, Jarmila. University of California. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Estados Unidos
Fil: Plavcová, Lenka. Ulm University. Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology; Alemania. University of Alberta. Department of Renewable Resources; Canadá
Fil: Schreiber, Stefan G.. University of Alberta. Department of Renewable Resources; Canadá
Fil: Sperry, John S.. University of Utah. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos
Fil: Wright, Ian J.. Macquarie University. Department of Biological Sciences; Australia
Fil: Zanne, Ami E.. George Washington University. Department of Biological Sciences; Estados Unidos