Oldest Known Eucalyptus Macrofossils Are from South America

Autores
Gandolfo, Maria Alejandra; Hermsen, Elizabeth J.; Zamaloa, María del Carmen; Nixon, Kevin Clark; González, Cynthia Cristina; Wilf, Peter; Cúneo, N. Rubén; Johnson, Kirk R.
Año de publicación
2011
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
The evolutionary history of Eucalyptus and the eucalypts, the larger clade of seven genera including Eucalyptus that today have a natural distribution almost exclusively in Australasia, is poorly documented from the fossil record. Little physical evidence exists bearing on the ancient geographical distributions or morphologies of plants within the clade. Herein, we introduce fossil material of Eucalyptus from the early Eocene (ca. 51.9 Ma) Laguna del Hunco paleoflora of Chubut Province, Argentina; specimens include multiple leaves, infructescences, and dispersed capsules, several flower buds, and a single flower. Morphological similarities that relate the fossils to extant eucalypts include leaf shape, venation, and epidermal oil glands; infructescence structure; valvate capsulate fruits; and operculate flower buds. The presence of a staminophore scar on the fruits links them to Eucalyptus, and the presence of a transverse scar on the flower buds indicates a relationship to Eucalyptus subgenus Symphyomyrtus. Phylogenetic analyses of morphological data alone and combined with aligned sequence data from a prior study including 16 extant eucalypts, one outgroup, and a terminal representing the fossils indicate that the fossils are nested within Eucalyptus. These are the only illustrated Eucalyptus fossils that are definitively Eocene in age, and the only conclusively identified extant or fossil eucalypts naturally occurring outside of Australasia and adjacent Mindanao. Thus, these fossils indicate that the evolution of the eucalypt group is not constrained to a single region. Moreover, they strengthen the taxonomic connections between the Laguna del Hunco paleoflora and extant subtropical and tropical Australasia, one of the three major ecologic-geographic elements of the Laguna del Hunco paleoflora. The age and affinities of the fossils also indicate that Eucalyptus subgenus Symphyomyrtus is older than previously supposed. Paleoecological data indicate that the Patagonian Eucalyptus dominated volcanically disturbed areas adjacent to standing rainforest surrounding an Eocene caldera lake.
Fil: Gandolfo, Maria Alejandra. Cornell University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Hermsen, Elizabeth J.. Cornell University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Zamaloa, María del Carmen. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Argentina
Fil: Nixon, Kevin Clark. Cornell University; Estados Unidos
Fil: González, Cynthia Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio; Argentina
Fil: Wilf, Peter. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos
Fil: Cúneo, N. Rubén. Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio; Argentina
Fil: Johnson, Kirk R.. National Museum of Natural History; Estados Unidos
Materia
Eucalyptus
Fosil
Laguna del Hunco
Argentina
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/278003
Acceder
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oai_identifier_str oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/278003
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network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Oldest Known Eucalyptus Macrofossils Are from South AmericaGandolfo, Maria AlejandraHermsen, Elizabeth J.Zamaloa, María del CarmenNixon, Kevin ClarkGonzález, Cynthia CristinaWilf, PeterCúneo, N. RubénJohnson, Kirk R.EucalyptusFosilLaguna del HuncoArgentinahttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1The evolutionary history of Eucalyptus and the eucalypts, the larger clade of seven genera including Eucalyptus that today have a natural distribution almost exclusively in Australasia, is poorly documented from the fossil record. Little physical evidence exists bearing on the ancient geographical distributions or morphologies of plants within the clade. Herein, we introduce fossil material of Eucalyptus from the early Eocene (ca. 51.9 Ma) Laguna del Hunco paleoflora of Chubut Province, Argentina; specimens include multiple leaves, infructescences, and dispersed capsules, several flower buds, and a single flower. Morphological similarities that relate the fossils to extant eucalypts include leaf shape, venation, and epidermal oil glands; infructescence structure; valvate capsulate fruits; and operculate flower buds. The presence of a staminophore scar on the fruits links them to Eucalyptus, and the presence of a transverse scar on the flower buds indicates a relationship to Eucalyptus subgenus Symphyomyrtus. Phylogenetic analyses of morphological data alone and combined with aligned sequence data from a prior study including 16 extant eucalypts, one outgroup, and a terminal representing the fossils indicate that the fossils are nested within Eucalyptus. These are the only illustrated Eucalyptus fossils that are definitively Eocene in age, and the only conclusively identified extant or fossil eucalypts naturally occurring outside of Australasia and adjacent Mindanao. Thus, these fossils indicate that the evolution of the eucalypt group is not constrained to a single region. Moreover, they strengthen the taxonomic connections between the Laguna del Hunco paleoflora and extant subtropical and tropical Australasia, one of the three major ecologic-geographic elements of the Laguna del Hunco paleoflora. The age and affinities of the fossils also indicate that Eucalyptus subgenus Symphyomyrtus is older than previously supposed. Paleoecological data indicate that the Patagonian Eucalyptus dominated volcanically disturbed areas adjacent to standing rainforest surrounding an Eocene caldera lake.Fil: Gandolfo, Maria Alejandra. Cornell University; Estados UnidosFil: Hermsen, Elizabeth J.. Cornell University; Estados UnidosFil: Zamaloa, María del Carmen. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; ArgentinaFil: Nixon, Kevin Clark. Cornell University; Estados UnidosFil: González, Cynthia Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio; ArgentinaFil: Wilf, Peter. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados UnidosFil: Cúneo, N. Rubén. Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio; ArgentinaFil: Johnson, Kirk R.. National Museum of Natural History; Estados UnidosPublic Library of Science2011-04info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/278003Gandolfo, Maria Alejandra; Hermsen, Elizabeth J.; Zamaloa, María del Carmen; Nixon, Kevin Clark; González, Cynthia Cristina; et al.; Oldest Known Eucalyptus Macrofossils Are from South America; Public Library of Science; Plos One; 6; 6; 4-2011; 1-91932-6203CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0021084info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0021084info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-12-23T14:14:13Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/278003instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-12-23 14:14:14.06CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Oldest Known Eucalyptus Macrofossils Are from South America
title Oldest Known Eucalyptus Macrofossils Are from South America
spellingShingle Oldest Known Eucalyptus Macrofossils Are from South America
Gandolfo, Maria Alejandra
Eucalyptus
Fosil
Laguna del Hunco
Argentina
title_short Oldest Known Eucalyptus Macrofossils Are from South America
title_full Oldest Known Eucalyptus Macrofossils Are from South America
title_fullStr Oldest Known Eucalyptus Macrofossils Are from South America
title_full_unstemmed Oldest Known Eucalyptus Macrofossils Are from South America
title_sort Oldest Known Eucalyptus Macrofossils Are from South America
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Gandolfo, Maria Alejandra
Hermsen, Elizabeth J.
Zamaloa, María del Carmen
Nixon, Kevin Clark
González, Cynthia Cristina
Wilf, Peter
Cúneo, N. Rubén
Johnson, Kirk R.
author Gandolfo, Maria Alejandra
author_facet Gandolfo, Maria Alejandra
Hermsen, Elizabeth J.
Zamaloa, María del Carmen
Nixon, Kevin Clark
González, Cynthia Cristina
Wilf, Peter
Cúneo, N. Rubén
Johnson, Kirk R.
author_role author
author2 Hermsen, Elizabeth J.
Zamaloa, María del Carmen
Nixon, Kevin Clark
González, Cynthia Cristina
Wilf, Peter
Cúneo, N. Rubén
Johnson, Kirk R.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Eucalyptus
Fosil
Laguna del Hunco
Argentina
topic Eucalyptus
Fosil
Laguna del Hunco
Argentina
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv The evolutionary history of Eucalyptus and the eucalypts, the larger clade of seven genera including Eucalyptus that today have a natural distribution almost exclusively in Australasia, is poorly documented from the fossil record. Little physical evidence exists bearing on the ancient geographical distributions or morphologies of plants within the clade. Herein, we introduce fossil material of Eucalyptus from the early Eocene (ca. 51.9 Ma) Laguna del Hunco paleoflora of Chubut Province, Argentina; specimens include multiple leaves, infructescences, and dispersed capsules, several flower buds, and a single flower. Morphological similarities that relate the fossils to extant eucalypts include leaf shape, venation, and epidermal oil glands; infructescence structure; valvate capsulate fruits; and operculate flower buds. The presence of a staminophore scar on the fruits links them to Eucalyptus, and the presence of a transverse scar on the flower buds indicates a relationship to Eucalyptus subgenus Symphyomyrtus. Phylogenetic analyses of morphological data alone and combined with aligned sequence data from a prior study including 16 extant eucalypts, one outgroup, and a terminal representing the fossils indicate that the fossils are nested within Eucalyptus. These are the only illustrated Eucalyptus fossils that are definitively Eocene in age, and the only conclusively identified extant or fossil eucalypts naturally occurring outside of Australasia and adjacent Mindanao. Thus, these fossils indicate that the evolution of the eucalypt group is not constrained to a single region. Moreover, they strengthen the taxonomic connections between the Laguna del Hunco paleoflora and extant subtropical and tropical Australasia, one of the three major ecologic-geographic elements of the Laguna del Hunco paleoflora. The age and affinities of the fossils also indicate that Eucalyptus subgenus Symphyomyrtus is older than previously supposed. Paleoecological data indicate that the Patagonian Eucalyptus dominated volcanically disturbed areas adjacent to standing rainforest surrounding an Eocene caldera lake.
Fil: Gandolfo, Maria Alejandra. Cornell University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Hermsen, Elizabeth J.. Cornell University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Zamaloa, María del Carmen. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Argentina
Fil: Nixon, Kevin Clark. Cornell University; Estados Unidos
Fil: González, Cynthia Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio; Argentina
Fil: Wilf, Peter. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos
Fil: Cúneo, N. Rubén. Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio; Argentina
Fil: Johnson, Kirk R.. National Museum of Natural History; Estados Unidos
description The evolutionary history of Eucalyptus and the eucalypts, the larger clade of seven genera including Eucalyptus that today have a natural distribution almost exclusively in Australasia, is poorly documented from the fossil record. Little physical evidence exists bearing on the ancient geographical distributions or morphologies of plants within the clade. Herein, we introduce fossil material of Eucalyptus from the early Eocene (ca. 51.9 Ma) Laguna del Hunco paleoflora of Chubut Province, Argentina; specimens include multiple leaves, infructescences, and dispersed capsules, several flower buds, and a single flower. Morphological similarities that relate the fossils to extant eucalypts include leaf shape, venation, and epidermal oil glands; infructescence structure; valvate capsulate fruits; and operculate flower buds. The presence of a staminophore scar on the fruits links them to Eucalyptus, and the presence of a transverse scar on the flower buds indicates a relationship to Eucalyptus subgenus Symphyomyrtus. Phylogenetic analyses of morphological data alone and combined with aligned sequence data from a prior study including 16 extant eucalypts, one outgroup, and a terminal representing the fossils indicate that the fossils are nested within Eucalyptus. These are the only illustrated Eucalyptus fossils that are definitively Eocene in age, and the only conclusively identified extant or fossil eucalypts naturally occurring outside of Australasia and adjacent Mindanao. Thus, these fossils indicate that the evolution of the eucalypt group is not constrained to a single region. Moreover, they strengthen the taxonomic connections between the Laguna del Hunco paleoflora and extant subtropical and tropical Australasia, one of the three major ecologic-geographic elements of the Laguna del Hunco paleoflora. The age and affinities of the fossils also indicate that Eucalyptus subgenus Symphyomyrtus is older than previously supposed. Paleoecological data indicate that the Patagonian Eucalyptus dominated volcanically disturbed areas adjacent to standing rainforest surrounding an Eocene caldera lake.
publishDate 2011
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2011-04
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/278003
Gandolfo, Maria Alejandra; Hermsen, Elizabeth J.; Zamaloa, María del Carmen; Nixon, Kevin Clark; González, Cynthia Cristina; et al.; Oldest Known Eucalyptus Macrofossils Are from South America; Public Library of Science; Plos One; 6; 6; 4-2011; 1-9
1932-6203
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/278003
identifier_str_mv Gandolfo, Maria Alejandra; Hermsen, Elizabeth J.; Zamaloa, María del Carmen; Nixon, Kevin Clark; González, Cynthia Cristina; et al.; Oldest Known Eucalyptus Macrofossils Are from South America; Public Library of Science; Plos One; 6; 6; 4-2011; 1-9
1932-6203
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0021084
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0021084
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Public Library of Science
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Public Library of Science
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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score 12.952241

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