Adequacy of the ocean observation system for quantifying regional heat and freshwater storage and change

• Autores: Palmer, Matthew D.; Durack, Paul; Chidichimo, María Paz; Church, John; Cravatte, Sophie E.; Hill, Katherine L.; Johannessen, Johnny; Karstensen, Johannes; Lee, Tong; Legler, David; Mazloff, Matthew; Oka, Eitarou; Purkey, Sarah; Rabe, Ben; Sallée, Jean Baptiste; Sloyan, Bernadette M.; Speich, Sabrina; Von Schuckmann, Karina; Willis, Josh; Wijffels, Susan E.
• Año de publicación: 2019
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; FRESHWATER CONTENT; HEAT CONTENT; OBSERVING SYSTEM DESIGN; OCEAN OBSERVING SYSTEM; SALINITY; TEMPERATURE
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Considerable advances in the global ocean observing system over the last two decades offers an opportunity to provide more quantitative information on changes in heat and freshwater storage. Variations in these storage terms can arise through internal variability and also the response of the ocean to anthropogenic climate change. Disentangling these competing influences on the regional patterns of change and elucidating their governing processes remains an outstanding scientific challenge. This challenge is compounded by instrumental and sampling uncertainties. The combined use of ocean observations and model simulations is the most viable method to assess the forced signal from noise and ascertain the primary drivers of variability and change. Moreover, this approach offers the potential for improved seasonal-to-decadal predictions and the possibility to develop powerful multi-variate constraints on climate model future projections. Regional heat storage changes dominate the steric contribution to sea level rise over most of the ocean and are vital to understanding both global and regional heat budgets. Variations in regional freshwater storage are particularly relevant to our understanding of changes in the hydrological cycle and can potentially be used to verify local ocean mass addition from terrestrial and cryospheric systems associated with contemporary sea level rise. This White Paper will examine the ability of the current ocean observing system to quantify changes in regional heat and freshwater storage. In particular we will seek to answer the question: What time and space scales are currently resolved in different regions of the global oceans? In light of some of the key scientific questions, we will discuss the requirements for measurement accuracy, sampling, and coverage as well as the synergies that can be leveraged by more comprehensively analyzing the multi-variable arrays provided by the integrated observing system.
Fil: Palmer, Matthew D.. Met Office Hadley Centre; Reino Unido
Fil: Durack, Paul. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Estados Unidos
Fil: Chidichimo, María Paz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Ministerio de Defensa. Armada Argentina. Servicio de Hidrografía Naval. Departamento Oceanografía; Argentina
Fil: Church, John. University of New South Wales; Australia
Fil: Cravatte, Sophie E.. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement; Nueva Caledonia
Fil: Hill, Katherine L.. World Meteorological Organization; Suiza
Fil: Johannessen, Johnny. Nansen Environmental And Remote Sensing Center; Noruega
Fil: Karstensen, Johannes. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; Alemania
Fil: Lee, Tong. California Institute of Technology; Estados Unidos
Fil: Legler, David. Ocean Observing and Monitoring Division; Estados Unidos
Fil: Mazloff, Matthew. University of California; Estados Unidos
Fil: Oka, Eitarou. The University of Tokyo; Japón
Fil: Purkey, Sarah. University of California; Estados Unidos
Fil: Rabe, Ben. Alfred-Wegener-Institut. Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar und Meeresforschung; Alemania
Fil: Sallée, Jean Baptiste. Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat; Francia
Fil: Sloyan, Bernadette M.. Csiro Oceans and Atmosphere; Australia
Fil: Speich, Sabrina. Ecole Normale Supérieure; Francia
Fil: Von Schuckmann, Karina. Mercator Ocean; Francia
Fil: Willis, Josh. California Institute of Technology; Estados Unidos
Fil: Wijffels, Susan E.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Estados Unidos