Gargantuan Hail Documenting an Extreme Forecasting Challenge

Autores
Kumjian, Matthew R.; Gutierrez, Rachel; Soderholm, Joshua S.; Nesbitt, Stephen William; Maldonado, Paula Soledad; Medina Luna, Lorena; Marquis, James; Bowley, Kevin A.; Alvarez Imaz, María de Los Milagros; Salio, Paola Veronica
Año de publicación
2021
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
I n the scientific literature, some studies have identified “giant” hail as those stones with maximum dimensions exceeding 10 cm or 4 in. We propose a new size class for hailstones with maximum dimensions exceeding 15 cm or 6 in. (referred to here as “gargantuan hail”) to represent the upper extreme of hail sizes. As these are rare cases, only a few studies have specifically documented giant and gargantuan hail events, and most are individual case studies. One study of giant and gargantuan hailstones from the Aurora, Nebraska, storm of 2003 showed that every stone evaluated exhibited an outer (i.e., final) growth layer indicating wet growth, and in some cases this layer was of quite substantial thickness. Another study used social media reports to identify giant hail that ultimately became certified state records. It suggested that the occurrence of giant or gargantuan hail is significantly underreported. None of the aforementioned studies focused on observedtorm properties or environments. In con- trast, a 2013 study documented the synoptic and mesoscale environment of the super- cell that produced the Vivian, South Dakota, hailstone (which registers as the world re- cord for maximum dimension of 20 cm or 8 in.). Analysis indicated that the environment was indeed supportive of severe convective storms, but not indicative of such large hail as was observed
Fil: Kumjian, Matthew R.. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos
Fil: Gutierrez, Rachel. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos
Fil: Soderholm, Joshua S.. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos
Fil: Nesbitt, Stephen William. University of Illinois at Urbana; Estados Unidos
Fil: Maldonado, Paula Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina
Fil: Medina Luna, Lorena. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Fil: Marquis, James. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Estados Unidos
Fil: Bowley, Kevin A.. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos
Fil: Alvarez Imaz, María de Los Milagros. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina
Fil: Salio, Paola Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina
Materia
granizo gigante
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/211584
Acceder
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network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Gargantuan Hail Documenting an Extreme Forecasting ChallengeKumjian, Matthew R.Gutierrez, RachelSoderholm, Joshua S.Nesbitt, Stephen WilliamMaldonado, Paula SoledadMedina Luna, LorenaMarquis, JamesBowley, Kevin A.Alvarez Imaz, María de Los MilagrosSalio, Paola Veronicagranizo gigantehttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1I n the scientific literature, some studies have identified “giant” hail as those stones with maximum dimensions exceeding 10 cm or 4 in. We propose a new size class for hailstones with maximum dimensions exceeding 15 cm or 6 in. (referred to here as “gargantuan hail”) to represent the upper extreme of hail sizes. As these are rare cases, only a few studies have specifically documented giant and gargantuan hail events, and most are individual case studies. One study of giant and gargantuan hailstones from the Aurora, Nebraska, storm of 2003 showed that every stone evaluated exhibited an outer (i.e., final) growth layer indicating wet growth, and in some cases this layer was of quite substantial thickness. Another study used social media reports to identify giant hail that ultimately became certified state records. It suggested that the occurrence of giant or gargantuan hail is significantly underreported. None of the aforementioned studies focused on observedtorm properties or environments. In con- trast, a 2013 study documented the synoptic and mesoscale environment of the super- cell that produced the Vivian, South Dakota, hailstone (which registers as the world re- cord for maximum dimension of 20 cm or 8 in.). Analysis indicated that the environment was indeed supportive of severe convective storms, but not indicative of such large hail as was observedFil: Kumjian, Matthew R.. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados UnidosFil: Gutierrez, Rachel. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados UnidosFil: Soderholm, Joshua S.. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados UnidosFil: Nesbitt, Stephen William. University of Illinois at Urbana; Estados UnidosFil: Maldonado, Paula Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; ArgentinaFil: Medina Luna, Lorena. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados UnidosFil: Marquis, James. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Bowley, Kevin A.. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados UnidosFil: Alvarez Imaz, María de Los Milagros. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; ArgentinaFil: Salio, Paola Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; ArgentinaAmer Meteorological Soc2021-02info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/211584Kumjian, Matthew R.; Gutierrez, Rachel; Soderholm, Joshua S.; Nesbitt, Stephen William; Maldonado, Paula Soledad; et al.; Gargantuan Hail Documenting an Extreme Forecasting Challenge; Amer Meteorological Soc; Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society; 102; 2; 2-2021; 117-1220003-0007CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0012.Ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-10-22T11:08:41Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/211584instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-10-22 11:08:41.365CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Gargantuan Hail Documenting an Extreme Forecasting Challenge
title Gargantuan Hail Documenting an Extreme Forecasting Challenge
spellingShingle Gargantuan Hail Documenting an Extreme Forecasting Challenge
Kumjian, Matthew R.
granizo gigante
title_short Gargantuan Hail Documenting an Extreme Forecasting Challenge
title_full Gargantuan Hail Documenting an Extreme Forecasting Challenge
title_fullStr Gargantuan Hail Documenting an Extreme Forecasting Challenge
title_full_unstemmed Gargantuan Hail Documenting an Extreme Forecasting Challenge
title_sort Gargantuan Hail Documenting an Extreme Forecasting Challenge
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Kumjian, Matthew R.
Gutierrez, Rachel
Soderholm, Joshua S.
Nesbitt, Stephen William
Maldonado, Paula Soledad
Medina Luna, Lorena
Marquis, James
Bowley, Kevin A.
Alvarez Imaz, María de Los Milagros
Salio, Paola Veronica
author Kumjian, Matthew R.
author_facet Kumjian, Matthew R.
Gutierrez, Rachel
Soderholm, Joshua S.
Nesbitt, Stephen William
Maldonado, Paula Soledad
Medina Luna, Lorena
Marquis, James
Bowley, Kevin A.
Alvarez Imaz, María de Los Milagros
Salio, Paola Veronica
author_role author
author2 Gutierrez, Rachel
Soderholm, Joshua S.
Nesbitt, Stephen William
Maldonado, Paula Soledad
Medina Luna, Lorena
Marquis, James
Bowley, Kevin A.
Alvarez Imaz, María de Los Milagros
Salio, Paola Veronica
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv granizo gigante
topic granizo gigante
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv I n the scientific literature, some studies have identified “giant” hail as those stones with maximum dimensions exceeding 10 cm or 4 in. We propose a new size class for hailstones with maximum dimensions exceeding 15 cm or 6 in. (referred to here as “gargantuan hail”) to represent the upper extreme of hail sizes. As these are rare cases, only a few studies have specifically documented giant and gargantuan hail events, and most are individual case studies. One study of giant and gargantuan hailstones from the Aurora, Nebraska, storm of 2003 showed that every stone evaluated exhibited an outer (i.e., final) growth layer indicating wet growth, and in some cases this layer was of quite substantial thickness. Another study used social media reports to identify giant hail that ultimately became certified state records. It suggested that the occurrence of giant or gargantuan hail is significantly underreported. None of the aforementioned studies focused on observedtorm properties or environments. In con- trast, a 2013 study documented the synoptic and mesoscale environment of the super- cell that produced the Vivian, South Dakota, hailstone (which registers as the world re- cord for maximum dimension of 20 cm or 8 in.). Analysis indicated that the environment was indeed supportive of severe convective storms, but not indicative of such large hail as was observed
Fil: Kumjian, Matthew R.. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos
Fil: Gutierrez, Rachel. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos
Fil: Soderholm, Joshua S.. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos
Fil: Nesbitt, Stephen William. University of Illinois at Urbana; Estados Unidos
Fil: Maldonado, Paula Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina
Fil: Medina Luna, Lorena. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Fil: Marquis, James. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Estados Unidos
Fil: Bowley, Kevin A.. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos
Fil: Alvarez Imaz, María de Los Milagros. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina
Fil: Salio, Paola Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina
description I n the scientific literature, some studies have identified “giant” hail as those stones with maximum dimensions exceeding 10 cm or 4 in. We propose a new size class for hailstones with maximum dimensions exceeding 15 cm or 6 in. (referred to here as “gargantuan hail”) to represent the upper extreme of hail sizes. As these are rare cases, only a few studies have specifically documented giant and gargantuan hail events, and most are individual case studies. One study of giant and gargantuan hailstones from the Aurora, Nebraska, storm of 2003 showed that every stone evaluated exhibited an outer (i.e., final) growth layer indicating wet growth, and in some cases this layer was of quite substantial thickness. Another study used social media reports to identify giant hail that ultimately became certified state records. It suggested that the occurrence of giant or gargantuan hail is significantly underreported. None of the aforementioned studies focused on observedtorm properties or environments. In con- trast, a 2013 study documented the synoptic and mesoscale environment of the super- cell that produced the Vivian, South Dakota, hailstone (which registers as the world re- cord for maximum dimension of 20 cm or 8 in.). Analysis indicated that the environment was indeed supportive of severe convective storms, but not indicative of such large hail as was observed
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021-02
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/211584
Kumjian, Matthew R.; Gutierrez, Rachel; Soderholm, Joshua S.; Nesbitt, Stephen William; Maldonado, Paula Soledad; et al.; Gargantuan Hail Documenting an Extreme Forecasting Challenge; Amer Meteorological Soc; Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society; 102; 2; 2-2021; 117-122
0003-0007
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/211584
identifier_str_mv Kumjian, Matthew R.; Gutierrez, Rachel; Soderholm, Joshua S.; Nesbitt, Stephen William; Maldonado, Paula Soledad; et al.; Gargantuan Hail Documenting an Extreme Forecasting Challenge; Amer Meteorological Soc; Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society; 102; 2; 2-2021; 117-122
0003-0007
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0012.A
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Amer Meteorological Soc
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Amer Meteorological Soc
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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