Tree cavity occupancy by nesting vertebrates across cavity age

Autores
Edworthy, Amanda B.; Trzcinski, M. Kurtis; Cockle, Kristina Louise; Wiebe, Karen L.; Martin, Kathy
Año de publicación
2018
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Cavity-nesting birds and mammals exhibit species-specific nest-site selection for tree characteristics and cavity dimensions. Although trees and their cavities change as they age, with trees becoming softer and cavities becoming larger, it is not known how their value as nesting resources varies with age. In the context of wildlife and forest management, we investigated the relative value of generating a supply of fresh cavities, which are thought to be of high quality, versus protecting cavities as they age and expand in interior volume. For 21 years (1995–2016), we monitored the formation and occupancy of tree cavities used by >30 species of birds and mammals in interior British Columbia, Canada. Cavity occupancy by secondary users was highest 1 year post-excavation (53%), then declined to 40% after 2 years, remained at 33 ± 7% (SD) between 3 and 16 years of age, and increased to 50% use from 17–20 years post-excavation. Excavators that reused cavities (woodpeckers [Picidae], nuthatches [Sitta spp.]) strongly selected 1- and 2-year-old cavities, large-bodied non-excavators (ducks, raptors, squirrels) selected mid-aged cavities, and mountain bluebirds (Sialia currucoides) and tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) selected most strongly for the oldest cavities. Cavities created in living aspen trees (Populus spp.), especially those excavated by northern flickers (Colaptes auratus), maintained high occupancy by secondary users across cavity age, and provided the bulk of cavities used in this system. Altogether, these results show that a diverse excavator community is needed to generate a supply of fresh cavities in the ecosystem, and retention of the mid-aged and older cavities will help support larger species.
Fil: Edworthy, Amanda B.. Washington State University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Trzcinski, M. Kurtis. Center For Applied Conservation Research; Canadá
Fil: Cockle, Kristina Louise. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina
Fil: Wiebe, Karen L.. University of Saskatchewan; Canadá
Fil: Martin, Kathy. Environment and Climate Change Canada; Canadá
Materia
Cavity-Nesting Bird
Forest Management
Habitat Complexity
Keystone Resource
Nesting Habitat
Tree Cavity
Tree Hollow
Woodpecker
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/50973

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network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Tree cavity occupancy by nesting vertebrates across cavity ageEdworthy, Amanda B.Trzcinski, M. KurtisCockle, Kristina LouiseWiebe, Karen L.Martin, KathyCavity-Nesting BirdForest ManagementHabitat ComplexityKeystone ResourceNesting HabitatTree CavityTree HollowWoodpeckerhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1Cavity-nesting birds and mammals exhibit species-specific nest-site selection for tree characteristics and cavity dimensions. Although trees and their cavities change as they age, with trees becoming softer and cavities becoming larger, it is not known how their value as nesting resources varies with age. In the context of wildlife and forest management, we investigated the relative value of generating a supply of fresh cavities, which are thought to be of high quality, versus protecting cavities as they age and expand in interior volume. For 21 years (1995–2016), we monitored the formation and occupancy of tree cavities used by >30 species of birds and mammals in interior British Columbia, Canada. Cavity occupancy by secondary users was highest 1 year post-excavation (53%), then declined to 40% after 2 years, remained at 33 ± 7% (SD) between 3 and 16 years of age, and increased to 50% use from 17–20 years post-excavation. Excavators that reused cavities (woodpeckers [Picidae], nuthatches [Sitta spp.]) strongly selected 1- and 2-year-old cavities, large-bodied non-excavators (ducks, raptors, squirrels) selected mid-aged cavities, and mountain bluebirds (Sialia currucoides) and tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) selected most strongly for the oldest cavities. Cavities created in living aspen trees (Populus spp.), especially those excavated by northern flickers (Colaptes auratus), maintained high occupancy by secondary users across cavity age, and provided the bulk of cavities used in this system. Altogether, these results show that a diverse excavator community is needed to generate a supply of fresh cavities in the ecosystem, and retention of the mid-aged and older cavities will help support larger species.Fil: Edworthy, Amanda B.. Washington State University; Estados UnidosFil: Trzcinski, M. Kurtis. Center For Applied Conservation Research; CanadáFil: Cockle, Kristina Louise. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; ArgentinaFil: Wiebe, Karen L.. University of Saskatchewan; CanadáFil: Martin, Kathy. Environment and Climate Change Canada; CanadáWildlife Society2018-04info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/50973Edworthy, Amanda B.; Trzcinski, M. Kurtis; Cockle, Kristina Louise; Wiebe, Karen L.; Martin, Kathy; Tree cavity occupancy by nesting vertebrates across cavity age; Wildlife Society; Journal of Wildlife Management; 82; 3; 4-2018; 639-6480022-541XCONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.21398info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1002/jwmg.21398info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-03T09:43:59Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/50973instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-03 09:43:59.345CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Tree cavity occupancy by nesting vertebrates across cavity age
title Tree cavity occupancy by nesting vertebrates across cavity age
spellingShingle Tree cavity occupancy by nesting vertebrates across cavity age
Edworthy, Amanda B.
Cavity-Nesting Bird
Forest Management
Habitat Complexity
Keystone Resource
Nesting Habitat
Tree Cavity
Tree Hollow
Woodpecker
title_short Tree cavity occupancy by nesting vertebrates across cavity age
title_full Tree cavity occupancy by nesting vertebrates across cavity age
title_fullStr Tree cavity occupancy by nesting vertebrates across cavity age
title_full_unstemmed Tree cavity occupancy by nesting vertebrates across cavity age
title_sort Tree cavity occupancy by nesting vertebrates across cavity age
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Edworthy, Amanda B.
Trzcinski, M. Kurtis
Cockle, Kristina Louise
Wiebe, Karen L.
Martin, Kathy
author Edworthy, Amanda B.
author_facet Edworthy, Amanda B.
Trzcinski, M. Kurtis
Cockle, Kristina Louise
Wiebe, Karen L.
Martin, Kathy
author_role author
author2 Trzcinski, M. Kurtis
Cockle, Kristina Louise
Wiebe, Karen L.
Martin, Kathy
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Cavity-Nesting Bird
Forest Management
Habitat Complexity
Keystone Resource
Nesting Habitat
Tree Cavity
Tree Hollow
Woodpecker
topic Cavity-Nesting Bird
Forest Management
Habitat Complexity
Keystone Resource
Nesting Habitat
Tree Cavity
Tree Hollow
Woodpecker
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Cavity-nesting birds and mammals exhibit species-specific nest-site selection for tree characteristics and cavity dimensions. Although trees and their cavities change as they age, with trees becoming softer and cavities becoming larger, it is not known how their value as nesting resources varies with age. In the context of wildlife and forest management, we investigated the relative value of generating a supply of fresh cavities, which are thought to be of high quality, versus protecting cavities as they age and expand in interior volume. For 21 years (1995–2016), we monitored the formation and occupancy of tree cavities used by >30 species of birds and mammals in interior British Columbia, Canada. Cavity occupancy by secondary users was highest 1 year post-excavation (53%), then declined to 40% after 2 years, remained at 33 ± 7% (SD) between 3 and 16 years of age, and increased to 50% use from 17–20 years post-excavation. Excavators that reused cavities (woodpeckers [Picidae], nuthatches [Sitta spp.]) strongly selected 1- and 2-year-old cavities, large-bodied non-excavators (ducks, raptors, squirrels) selected mid-aged cavities, and mountain bluebirds (Sialia currucoides) and tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) selected most strongly for the oldest cavities. Cavities created in living aspen trees (Populus spp.), especially those excavated by northern flickers (Colaptes auratus), maintained high occupancy by secondary users across cavity age, and provided the bulk of cavities used in this system. Altogether, these results show that a diverse excavator community is needed to generate a supply of fresh cavities in the ecosystem, and retention of the mid-aged and older cavities will help support larger species.
Fil: Edworthy, Amanda B.. Washington State University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Trzcinski, M. Kurtis. Center For Applied Conservation Research; Canadá
Fil: Cockle, Kristina Louise. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina
Fil: Wiebe, Karen L.. University of Saskatchewan; Canadá
Fil: Martin, Kathy. Environment and Climate Change Canada; Canadá
description Cavity-nesting birds and mammals exhibit species-specific nest-site selection for tree characteristics and cavity dimensions. Although trees and their cavities change as they age, with trees becoming softer and cavities becoming larger, it is not known how their value as nesting resources varies with age. In the context of wildlife and forest management, we investigated the relative value of generating a supply of fresh cavities, which are thought to be of high quality, versus protecting cavities as they age and expand in interior volume. For 21 years (1995–2016), we monitored the formation and occupancy of tree cavities used by >30 species of birds and mammals in interior British Columbia, Canada. Cavity occupancy by secondary users was highest 1 year post-excavation (53%), then declined to 40% after 2 years, remained at 33 ± 7% (SD) between 3 and 16 years of age, and increased to 50% use from 17–20 years post-excavation. Excavators that reused cavities (woodpeckers [Picidae], nuthatches [Sitta spp.]) strongly selected 1- and 2-year-old cavities, large-bodied non-excavators (ducks, raptors, squirrels) selected mid-aged cavities, and mountain bluebirds (Sialia currucoides) and tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) selected most strongly for the oldest cavities. Cavities created in living aspen trees (Populus spp.), especially those excavated by northern flickers (Colaptes auratus), maintained high occupancy by secondary users across cavity age, and provided the bulk of cavities used in this system. Altogether, these results show that a diverse excavator community is needed to generate a supply of fresh cavities in the ecosystem, and retention of the mid-aged and older cavities will help support larger species.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2018-04
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/50973
Edworthy, Amanda B.; Trzcinski, M. Kurtis; Cockle, Kristina Louise; Wiebe, Karen L.; Martin, Kathy; Tree cavity occupancy by nesting vertebrates across cavity age; Wildlife Society; Journal of Wildlife Management; 82; 3; 4-2018; 639-648
0022-541X
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/50973
identifier_str_mv Edworthy, Amanda B.; Trzcinski, M. Kurtis; Cockle, Kristina Louise; Wiebe, Karen L.; Martin, Kathy; Tree cavity occupancy by nesting vertebrates across cavity age; Wildlife Society; Journal of Wildlife Management; 82; 3; 4-2018; 639-648
0022-541X
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.21398
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1002/jwmg.21398
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Wildlife Society
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Wildlife Society
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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