Oldest preserved umbilical scar reveals dinosaurs had ‘belly buttons’

Autores
Bell, Phil R.; Hendrickx, Christophe Marie Fabian; Pittman, Michael; Kaye, Thomas G.
Año de publicación
2022
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Background: In egg-laying amniotes, the developing embryo is tethered to a number of the extraembryonic membranes including the yolk sac and allantois that deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove metabolic waste products throughout embryonic development. Prior to, or soon after hatching, these membranes detach from the animal leaving a temporary or permanent umbilical scar (umbilicus) equivalent to the navel or ‘belly button’ in some placental mammals, including humans. Although ubiquitous in modern mammals and reptiles (including birds), at least early in their ontogeny, the umbilicus has not been identified in any pre-Cenozoic amniote. Results: We report the oldest preserved umbilicus in a fossil amniote from a ~130-million-year-old early-branching ceratopsian dinosaur, Psittacosaurus. Under laser-stimulated fluorescence (LSF), the umbilicus is revealed as an elongate midline structure delimited by a row of paired scales on the abdomen. The relatively late ontogenetic stage (close to sexual maturity) estimated for the individual indicates that the umbilicus was probably retained throughout life. Conclusions: Unlike most extant reptiles and birds that lose this scar within days to weeks after hatching, the umbilicus of Psittacosaurus persisted at least until sexual maturity, similar to some lizards and crocodylians with which it shares the closest morphological resemblance. This discovery is the oldest record of an amniote umbilicus and the first in a non-avian dinosaur. However, given the variability of this structure in extant reptilian analogues, a persistent umbilical scar may not have been present in all non-avian dinosaurs.
Fil: Bell, Phil R.. University Of New England Australia; Australia
Fil: Hendrickx, Christophe Marie Fabian. Fundación Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; Argentina
Fil: Pittman, Michael. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino Unido
Fil: Kaye, Thomas G.. Foundation For Scientific Advancement; Estados Unidos
Materia
CERATOPSIA
CRETACEOUS
DEVELOPMENT
MESOZOIC
PSITTACOSAURUS
UMBILICUS
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/211251
Acceder
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oai_identifier_str oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/211251
network_acronym_str CONICETDig
repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Oldest preserved umbilical scar reveals dinosaurs had ‘belly buttons’Bell, Phil R.Hendrickx, Christophe Marie FabianPittman, MichaelKaye, Thomas G.CERATOPSIACRETACEOUSDEVELOPMENTMESOZOICPSITTACOSAURUSUMBILICUShttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1Background: In egg-laying amniotes, the developing embryo is tethered to a number of the extraembryonic membranes including the yolk sac and allantois that deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove metabolic waste products throughout embryonic development. Prior to, or soon after hatching, these membranes detach from the animal leaving a temporary or permanent umbilical scar (umbilicus) equivalent to the navel or ‘belly button’ in some placental mammals, including humans. Although ubiquitous in modern mammals and reptiles (including birds), at least early in their ontogeny, the umbilicus has not been identified in any pre-Cenozoic amniote. Results: We report the oldest preserved umbilicus in a fossil amniote from a ~130-million-year-old early-branching ceratopsian dinosaur, Psittacosaurus. Under laser-stimulated fluorescence (LSF), the umbilicus is revealed as an elongate midline structure delimited by a row of paired scales on the abdomen. The relatively late ontogenetic stage (close to sexual maturity) estimated for the individual indicates that the umbilicus was probably retained throughout life. Conclusions: Unlike most extant reptiles and birds that lose this scar within days to weeks after hatching, the umbilicus of Psittacosaurus persisted at least until sexual maturity, similar to some lizards and crocodylians with which it shares the closest morphological resemblance. This discovery is the oldest record of an amniote umbilicus and the first in a non-avian dinosaur. However, given the variability of this structure in extant reptilian analogues, a persistent umbilical scar may not have been present in all non-avian dinosaurs.Fil: Bell, Phil R.. University Of New England Australia; AustraliaFil: Hendrickx, Christophe Marie Fabian. Fundación Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Pittman, Michael. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino UnidoFil: Kaye, Thomas G.. Foundation For Scientific Advancement; Estados UnidosBioMed Central2022-12info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/211251Bell, Phil R.; Hendrickx, Christophe Marie Fabian; Pittman, Michael; Kaye, Thomas G.; Oldest preserved umbilical scar reveals dinosaurs had ‘belly buttons’; BioMed Central; Bmc Biology; 20; 1; 12-2022; 1-71741-7007CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1186/s12915-022-01329-9info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-022-01329-9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T10:40:57Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/211251instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 10:40:57.631CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Oldest preserved umbilical scar reveals dinosaurs had ‘belly buttons’
title Oldest preserved umbilical scar reveals dinosaurs had ‘belly buttons’
spellingShingle Oldest preserved umbilical scar reveals dinosaurs had ‘belly buttons’
Bell, Phil R.
CERATOPSIA
CRETACEOUS
DEVELOPMENT
MESOZOIC
PSITTACOSAURUS
UMBILICUS
title_short Oldest preserved umbilical scar reveals dinosaurs had ‘belly buttons’
title_full Oldest preserved umbilical scar reveals dinosaurs had ‘belly buttons’
title_fullStr Oldest preserved umbilical scar reveals dinosaurs had ‘belly buttons’
title_full_unstemmed Oldest preserved umbilical scar reveals dinosaurs had ‘belly buttons’
title_sort Oldest preserved umbilical scar reveals dinosaurs had ‘belly buttons’
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Bell, Phil R.
Hendrickx, Christophe Marie Fabian
Pittman, Michael
Kaye, Thomas G.
author Bell, Phil R.
author_facet Bell, Phil R.
Hendrickx, Christophe Marie Fabian
Pittman, Michael
Kaye, Thomas G.
author_role author
author2 Hendrickx, Christophe Marie Fabian
Pittman, Michael
Kaye, Thomas G.
author2_role author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv CERATOPSIA
CRETACEOUS
DEVELOPMENT
MESOZOIC
PSITTACOSAURUS
UMBILICUS
topic CERATOPSIA
CRETACEOUS
DEVELOPMENT
MESOZOIC
PSITTACOSAURUS
UMBILICUS
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Background: In egg-laying amniotes, the developing embryo is tethered to a number of the extraembryonic membranes including the yolk sac and allantois that deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove metabolic waste products throughout embryonic development. Prior to, or soon after hatching, these membranes detach from the animal leaving a temporary or permanent umbilical scar (umbilicus) equivalent to the navel or ‘belly button’ in some placental mammals, including humans. Although ubiquitous in modern mammals and reptiles (including birds), at least early in their ontogeny, the umbilicus has not been identified in any pre-Cenozoic amniote. Results: We report the oldest preserved umbilicus in a fossil amniote from a ~130-million-year-old early-branching ceratopsian dinosaur, Psittacosaurus. Under laser-stimulated fluorescence (LSF), the umbilicus is revealed as an elongate midline structure delimited by a row of paired scales on the abdomen. The relatively late ontogenetic stage (close to sexual maturity) estimated for the individual indicates that the umbilicus was probably retained throughout life. Conclusions: Unlike most extant reptiles and birds that lose this scar within days to weeks after hatching, the umbilicus of Psittacosaurus persisted at least until sexual maturity, similar to some lizards and crocodylians with which it shares the closest morphological resemblance. This discovery is the oldest record of an amniote umbilicus and the first in a non-avian dinosaur. However, given the variability of this structure in extant reptilian analogues, a persistent umbilical scar may not have been present in all non-avian dinosaurs.
Fil: Bell, Phil R.. University Of New England Australia; Australia
Fil: Hendrickx, Christophe Marie Fabian. Fundación Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; Argentina
Fil: Pittman, Michael. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino Unido
Fil: Kaye, Thomas G.. Foundation For Scientific Advancement; Estados Unidos
description Background: In egg-laying amniotes, the developing embryo is tethered to a number of the extraembryonic membranes including the yolk sac and allantois that deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove metabolic waste products throughout embryonic development. Prior to, or soon after hatching, these membranes detach from the animal leaving a temporary or permanent umbilical scar (umbilicus) equivalent to the navel or ‘belly button’ in some placental mammals, including humans. Although ubiquitous in modern mammals and reptiles (including birds), at least early in their ontogeny, the umbilicus has not been identified in any pre-Cenozoic amniote. Results: We report the oldest preserved umbilicus in a fossil amniote from a ~130-million-year-old early-branching ceratopsian dinosaur, Psittacosaurus. Under laser-stimulated fluorescence (LSF), the umbilicus is revealed as an elongate midline structure delimited by a row of paired scales on the abdomen. The relatively late ontogenetic stage (close to sexual maturity) estimated for the individual indicates that the umbilicus was probably retained throughout life. Conclusions: Unlike most extant reptiles and birds that lose this scar within days to weeks after hatching, the umbilicus of Psittacosaurus persisted at least until sexual maturity, similar to some lizards and crocodylians with which it shares the closest morphological resemblance. This discovery is the oldest record of an amniote umbilicus and the first in a non-avian dinosaur. However, given the variability of this structure in extant reptilian analogues, a persistent umbilical scar may not have been present in all non-avian dinosaurs.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022-12
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/211251
Bell, Phil R.; Hendrickx, Christophe Marie Fabian; Pittman, Michael; Kaye, Thomas G.; Oldest preserved umbilical scar reveals dinosaurs had ‘belly buttons’; BioMed Central; Bmc Biology; 20; 1; 12-2022; 1-7
1741-7007
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/211251
identifier_str_mv Bell, Phil R.; Hendrickx, Christophe Marie Fabian; Pittman, Michael; Kaye, Thomas G.; Oldest preserved umbilical scar reveals dinosaurs had ‘belly buttons’; BioMed Central; Bmc Biology; 20; 1; 12-2022; 1-7
1741-7007
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1186/s12915-022-01329-9
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-022-01329-9
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv BioMed Central
publisher.none.fl_str_mv BioMed Central
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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score 13.070432

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