Voltamperometric discrimination of urea and melamine adulterated skimmed milk powder

• Autores: Hilding-Ohlsson, A.; Fauerbach, J.A.; Sacco, N.J.; Bonetto, M.C.; Cortón, E.
• Año de publicación: 2012
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Fuente: Sensors 2012;12(9):12220-12234
• Materia: F-PCA; KNN; Milk adulteration; Rapid screening methods; Voltammetry; F-PCA; Functional principal component analysis; KNN; Milk adulterations; Rapid screening; Screening methods; Significant differences; Voltammetric data; Cyclic voltammetry; Metabolism; Principal component analysis; Voltammetry; Urea; melamine; triazine derivative; urea; animal; article; chemistry; dairy product; f-PCA; food contamination; KNN; methodology; milk; milk adulteration; potentiometry; powder; principal component analysis; rapid screening methods; f-PCA; KNN; milk adulteration; rapid screening methods; voltammetry; Animals; Dairy Products; Food Contamination; Milk; Powders; Principal Component Analysis; Triazines; Urea
• Institución: Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales

Nitrogen compounds like urea and melamine are known to be commonly used for milk adulteration resulting in undesired intoxication; a well-known example is the Chinese episode occurred in 2008. The development of a rapid, reliable and economic test is of relevance in order to improve adulterated milk identification. Cyclic voltammetry studies using an Au working electrode were performed on adulterated and non-adulterated milk samples from different independent manufacturers. Voltammetric data and their first derivative were subjected to functional principal component analysis (f-PCA) and correctly classified by the KNN classifier. The adulterated and non-adulterated milk samples showed significant differences. Best results of prediction were obtained with first derivative data. Detection limits in milk samples adulterated with 1% of its total nitrogen derived from melamine or urea were as low as 85.0 mg·L-1 and 121.4 mg·L-1, respectively. We present this method as a fast and robust screening method for milk adulteration analysis and prevention of food intoxication. © 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Fil:Fauerbach, J.A. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.
Fil:Sacco, N.J. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.
Fil:Bonetto, M.C. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.
Fil:Cortón, E. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.