Abstract:

The uptake and accumulation of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in the shrimp Palaemonetes argentinus was investigated using both laboratory and field assays. Shrimps were exposed in aquarium during 1, 2, 3 and 7 days to 1, 10 and 50 mg L1 MCLR. Accumulation (0.7 0.2 mg MC-LR g1 ) was observed after three days exposures to 50 mg L1 toxin. Then, shrimps were relocated in fresh water (free of MCLR) to verify the detoxification dynamic, showing a drop to 0.18 0.01 mg MCLR g1 after three days. The activity of glutathione-S-transferase, measured in the microsomal fraction (mGST), was significantly increased during the exposure period, with further increment during the detoxification period. Furthermore, cytosolic GST (sGST) and glutathione reductase (GR) increased their activities during detoxification, while inhibition was observed for catalase (CAT) with no significant changes for glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Current results suggest that GSH conjugation could be an important MC detoxification mechanism in P. argentinus and that MCLR induce oxidative stress in this shrimp. Field exposures were carried out in San Roque Reservoir (Co´ rdoba, Argentina) after a cyanobacteria bloom. Nodularin (Nod) presence was measured for the first time in this waterbody (0.24 0.04 mg L1 ), being the first report of Nod in South America freshwaters. Nod was also detected in Palaemonetes argentinus (0.16 0.03 mg g1 ) after three weeks of exposure in this reservoir, with the concomitant activation of mGST, sGST and CAT. Although internal doses of Nod were low throughout the exposure, they were enough to cause biochemical disturbances in Palaemonetes argentinus. Further laboratory studies on Nod accumulation and antioxidant responses in Palaemonetes argentinus are necessary to fully understand these field results. P. argentinus should be considered a potential vector for transferring cyanotoxins to higher trophic levels in aquatic environments.

Author affiliation: Galanti, Lucas Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; Argentina;

Author affiliation: Amé, María Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; Argentina;

Author affiliation: Wunderlin, Daniel Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba; Argentina;

Abstract:

Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn were determined in soils and in below- and above-ground structures of Spartina densiflora in a Patagonian salt marsh (San Antonio, Río Negro, Argentina). Also, the relationship between trace metal concentrations in soils and plants was investigated to improve our knowledge regarding the ability of this plant species to take up and accumulate trace metals from the soil. Our results indicate that, within the studied salt marsh, soil trace metal concentrations follow a decreasing concentration gradient toward the sea. They show moderate pollution and a potentially negative biological effect in one site of the salt marsh. While below-ground structures reflect the soil metal concentration pattern, this is not so evident in above-ground concentrations. Also, S. densiflora is able to absorb a limited amount of metals present in the soil, the soil bioaccumulation factor being lower in sites where soil metal concentration is higher.

Author affiliation: Idaszkin, Yanina Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia; Argentina

Author affiliation: Lancelotti, Julio Lucio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales; Argentina

Author affiliation: Bouza, Pablo Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales; Argentina

Author affiliation: Marcovecchio, Jorge Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina

Abstract:

We assessed the toxicodynamics of As in developing Rhinella arenarum toad embryos and larvae exposed from fertilization to 0.01–10 mg As L−1. We determined As content in toad embryos and larvae by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Toad embryos and larvae actively bioaccumulated As, reaching tissue concentrations more than one-thousand higher than control levels after 23d-exposure to 10 mg As L−1. The bioconcentration factors also increased up to fifty times higher levels in toad larvae respect to media levels. Once recovered in As-free media, the larvae rapidly excreted the bioaccumulated As with a half-life of 1.6 d. By calcein transport competition assays, we infer that As is excreted through ABCC-like transporters, probably conjugated with GSH. These results are relevant for comprehending the risks posed by As exposure in this autochthonous aquatic species that develops in water courses from Argentina, that may contain As levels ranging between 10–15,000 μg L−1.

Author affiliation: Mardirosian, Mariana Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigaciones En Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Cs.agrarias. Centro de Investigaciones En Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue; Argentina

Author affiliation: Bieczynski, Flavia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigaciones En Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Cs.agrarias. Centro de Investigaciones En Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue; Argentina

Author affiliation: Luquet, Carlos Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina

Author affiliation: Pérez, Carlos A.. Laboratorio Nacional de Luz Sincrotron; Brasil

Author affiliation: Bongiovanni, Guillermina Azucena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Lascano, Cecilia Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigaciones En Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Cs.agrarias. Centro de Investigaciones En Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue; Argentina

Author affiliation: Venturino, Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigaciones En Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Cs.agrarias. Centro de Investigaciones En Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue; Argentina

Abstract:

A survey of arsenic and phosphorus in Pampean streams of Buenos Aires province was performed. Nitrates and ammonia were also determined. Stream water was sampled as well as stream sediment and filamentous algae. Results show that 32 streams exceeded the arsenic recommended guidelines for human consumption of 10 μg L−1 and six exceeded recommended values for aquatic organisms’ protection of 50 μg L−1. The average concentration found was 36.54 μg L−1 and areas with more concentration of As are located in the southern region of the province, in streams that are tributaries of the Atlantic Ocean. Other regions with high As concentration are the Matanza River tributaries and the Arrecifes River tributaries. No differences of As concentration was found between stream sediments. Also, no seasonal pattern of As concentration was observed in one stream sampled during a year, but a positive correlation between As and the conductivity (p = 0.0002) and pH (p = 0.01) of the streams was found. Also, As bioaccumulation was detected for all the algae sampled, but no correlation between As accumulated and As in the stream water was found. Ammonia levels exceeded recommended guidelines for human consumption in the Argentinean law in 30 streams. The characterization performed in this study provides relevant information on the distribution of arsenic and its origin and mobility.

Author affiliation: Rodríguez Castro, María Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Marcó P., L.. Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado”. Decanato de Agronomía; Venezuela

Author affiliation: Ranieri, M. C.. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Vázquez, C.. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Constituyentes; Argentina

Author affiliation: Giorgi, Adonis David Nazareno. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina

Abstract:

There is a growing interest in evaluating the presence of pharmaceutical residues and their metabolites in aquatic biota. In this study, twenty pharmaceuticals, including carbamazepine (CBZ) and two metabolites, were analyzed in homogenates of two fish species (Gambusia affinis and Jenynsia multidentata) captured in polluted areas of the Suquía River (Córdoba, Argentina). The twenty target pharmaceuticals were found in G. affinis, while only fifteen were detected in J. multidentata. We observed a noticeable difference in the accumulation pattern of both fish species, suggesting different pathways for the bioaccumulation of polar pharmaceuticals in each fish. In order to investigate uptake and tissue distribution of pharmaceuticals, a detailed study was performed under controlled laboratory conditions in J. multidentata, exposed to CBZ. CBZ and two of its metabolites (carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide – CBZ-EP and 2-hydroxycarbamazepine – 2-OH-CBZ) were monitored in five organs of fish under laboratory exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the presence of CBZ and its metabolite 2-OH-CBZ in gills, intestine, liver, brain and muscle of fish, while the metabolite carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-EP) was detected in gills and muscle. A ratio CBZ-EP/CBZ close to 0.1 suggests that gills and muscle of J. multidentata could metabolize CBZ through the CBZ-EP pathway. Our results reinforce the need of analyzing multiple species to account for the environmental impact of pollutants, negating the simplification of a single, “representative model” during ecotoxicological biomonitoring. To our knowledge, the biotransformation of CBZ to its metabolites (CBZ-EP, 2-OH-CBZ) in fish, under controlled laboratory in vivo exposures, is reported for the first time.

Author affiliation: Valdés, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba; Argentina

Author affiliation: Huerta, B.. Universidad de Girona; España

Author affiliation: Wunderlin, Daniel Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba; Argentina

Author affiliation: Bistoni, Maria de Los Angeles. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina

Author affiliation: Barceló, D.. Universidad de Girona; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España

Author affiliation: Rodriguez Mozaz, S.. Universidad de Girona; España

Abstract:

We examined the bioaccumulation of α- and β-endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate in tissues from the crab Zilchiopsis collastinensis. There was more endosulfan accumulated in the hepatopancreas (from <2 to 467.8 ng g-1) than in the gonads (from <2 to 52.1 ng g-1) or muscles (<2 ng g-1). The endosulfan concentrations in the hepatopancreas decreased over time and with the endosulfan dilution (p < 0.05). In the gonads there was little bioaccumulation, which did not vary over time (p > 0.05). The hepatopancreas is a dynamic organ that is able to depurate itself, whereas the gonads act as a sink for pesticides.

Author affiliation: Negro, Carlos Leandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; Argentina

Author affiliation: Senkman, Lidia Eloisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; Argentina

Author affiliation: Vierling, Jaquelina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Repetti, María Rosa. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos; Argentina

Author affiliation: García, Silvia Rosa. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Collins, Pablo Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; Argentina

Abstract:

Arsenic (V) uptake from groundwater by using Vallisneria gigantea plants was studied using batch experiments. Reflectance and fluorescence of intact plants were investigated and changes in photophysical properties following arsenic absorption were reported. Good correlations have been found between arsenic concentration in groundwater and parameters derived from reflectance and fluorescence measurements.This system reached its equilibrium after seven days when the removal quantities were strongly dependent on the initial arsenic concentration. Interestingly, Vallisneria plants were able to accumulate from 100 to 600 mg As kg1 in roots and fronds although the translocation factors were low (0.6?1.6). Kinetic data for biosorption process followed a first-order law. At low arsenic concentrations the uptake in plants was governed by diffusion aspects. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin?Radushkevich models were applied and results demonstrated that arsenic uptake was better described by the Langmuir model. As a final remark we concluded that a plant of this species should be able to remove 1 mg As per week.

Author affiliation: Iriel, Analia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones En Produccion Animal; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios del Agua; Argentina

Author affiliation: Lagorio, María Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de Los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; Argentina

Author affiliation: Fernandez Cirelli, Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones En Produccion Animal; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios del Agua; Argentina

Abstract:

The species Dinophysis tripos is a widely distributed marine dinoflagellate associated with diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) events, which has been recently identified as a pectenotoxin (PTX) producer. In two sampling expeditions carried out during austral autumns 2012 and 2013 along the Argentine Sea (≈38–56° S), lipophilic phycotoxins were measured by tandem mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography (LC–MS/MS) in size-fractionated plankton samples together with microscopic analyses of potentially toxic phytoplankton. PTX-2, PTX-11 and PTX-2sa were recurrently detected in the 50–200 μm fractions, in association to D. tripos. PTX-2 was also widely distributed among the 20–50 μm fractions, mostly related to Dinophysis acuminata. Okadaic acid or its analogs were not detected in any sample. This is the first report of D. tripos related to PTX in the Argentine Sea and the first record of PTX-11 and PTX-2sa for this area. The morphological variability of D. tripos, including the presence of intermediate, small and dimorphic cells, is described. Also, the micro- and mesoplanktonic potential grazers of Dinophysis spp. were explored.

Author affiliation: Fabro Cerreia Fus, Elena Ines. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Division Ficologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Almandoz, Gaston Osvaldo. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Division Ficologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Ferrario, Martha Elba. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Division Ficologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Hoffmeyer, Monica Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (i); Argentina

Author affiliation: Pettigrosso, Rosa E.. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentina

Author affiliation: Uibrig, Román Armando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (i); Argentina

Author affiliation: Krock, Bernd. Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum fu¨r Polar- und Meeresforschung; Alemania

Abstract:

The bio-accumulation of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) is common in planktonic copepods that inhabit environments exposed to high levels of solar radiation. MAAs accumulation in copepods can be affected both by extrinsic (environmental) and intrinsic factors (local adaptation, genotype, etc.). Laboratory experiments were performed to study the bio-accumulation of MAAs in two geographically-isolated populations of Boeckella gracilipes from a mountain and a piedmont lake of North Patagonia. We performed two series of 10-day incubations of B. gracilipes from the different lakes applying two radiation conditions (PAR + UVR and darkness), at five different temperatures (5 to 20 °C) and providing a MAA-free flagellate as food. We assumed that differences in final MAAs concentrations between copepod populations should be exclusively due to environmental factors, and that any difference in the patterns of MAAs accumulation should exclusively arise from differences in MAAs concentration at the time of collection. MAAs concentration was three fold higher in B. gracilipes from Lake Verde than in copepods from the Lake Morenito. The MAAs suite was dominated (∼90%) by a combination of porphyra-334 and mycosporine-glycine in copepods from Lake Verde, and porphyra-334 and MAA-332 in those from Lake Morenito. Two exclusive MAA compounds were identified, mycosporine-glycine in copepods from Lake Verde and shinorine in the copepod population from Lake Morenito. Laboratory experiments showed that: (i) exposure to PAR + UVR stimulated the accumulation of MAAs in both copepod populations; (ii) temperature affected the response of MAAs and, remarkably, low temperatures stimulated MAAs accumulation even in dark incubations, (iii) the response to radiation and temperature in MAAs accumulation was more pronounced in the population with low initial MAAs than in the population with high initial MAAs concentrations. The differences in intrinsic factors between B. gracilipes populations, such as local adaptation to contrasting UV and temperature scenarios, among others, appear to play an important role in determining levels and patterns of MAAs accumulation in B. gracilipes.

Author affiliation: Garcia, Patricia Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina

Author affiliation: Ferraro, Marcela A.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (sede Chascomús); Argentina

Author affiliation: Perez, Alejandra Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina

Author affiliation: Zagarese, Horacio Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (sede Chascomús); Argentina

Author affiliation: Dieguez, Maria del Carmen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina

Abstract:

Pampean creeks were evaluated in the present study as potential land-based sources of PCB marine contamination. Different carbon and nitrogen sources from such creeks were analysed as boosters of PCB bioaccumulation by the filter feeder bivalve Brachidontes rodriguezii and grazer limpet Siphonaria lessoni. Carbon of different source than marine and anthropogenic nitrogen assimilated by organisms were estimated through their C and N isotopic composition. PCB concentration in surface sediments and mollusc samples ranged from 2.68 to 6.46 ng g-1 (wet weight) and from 1074 to 4583 ng g-1 lipid, respectively, reflecting a punctual source of PCB contamination related to a landfill area. Thus, despite the low flow of creeks, they should not be underestimated as contamination vectors to the marine environment. On the other hand, mussels PCB bioaccumulation was related with the carbon source uptake which highlights the importance to consider this factor when studying PCB distribution in organisms of coastal systems.

Author affiliation: Laitano, Marìa Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina

Author affiliation: Silva Barni, María Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina

Author affiliation: Costa, P. G.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; Brasil

Author affiliation: Cledón, Maximiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina

Author affiliation: Fillmann, G.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; Brasil

Author affiliation: Miglioranza, Karina Silvia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina

Author affiliation: Panarello, Hector Osvaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica; Argentina