Abstract:

Tocopherols are non-polar compounds synthesized in the plastids, which function as major antioxidants of the plant cells and are essential in the human diet. Both the intermediates and final products of the tocopherol biosynthetic pathway must cross plastid membranes to reach their sites of action. So far, no protein with tocopherol binding activity has been reported in plants. Here, we demonstrated that the tomato SlTBP protein is targeted to chloroplasts and able to bind α-tocopherol. SlTBP-knockdown tomato plants exhibited reduced levels of tocopherol in both leaves and fruits. Several tocopherol deficiency phenotypes were apparent in the transgenic lines, such as alterations in photosynthetic parameters, dramatic distortion of thylakoid membranes and significant variations in the lipid profile. These results, along with the altered expression of genes related to photosynthesis, and tetrapyrrole, lipid, isoprenoid, inositol/phosphoinositide and redox metabolism, suggest that SlTBP may act in conducting tocopherol (or its biosynthetic intermediates) between the plastid compartments and/or at the interface between chloroplast and endoplasmic reticulum membranes, affecting interorganellar lipid metabolism.

Instituto de Biotecnología

Author affiliation: Bermudez Salazar, Luisa. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Lira, Bruno Silvestre. Universidade de São Pablo. Departamento de Botânica. Instituto de Biociencias; Brasil

Author affiliation: Godoy, Fabiana de. Universidade de São Pablo. Departamento de Botânica. Instituto de Biociencias; Brasil

Author affiliation: Boos, Irene. Technical University of Denmark. Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics. Department of Chemistry; Dinamarca

Author affiliation: Romano, Cecilia. Technical University of Denmark. Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics. Department of Chemistry; Dinamarca

Author affiliation: Previtali, Viola. Technical University of Denmark. Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics. Department of Chemistry; Dinamarca

Author affiliation: Almeida, Juliana. Universidade de São Pablo. Departamento de Botânica. Instituto de Biociencias; Brasil

Author affiliation: Brehelin, Claire. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis; Francia

Author affiliation: Asis, Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Quadrana, Leandro Daniel. INTA. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina

Author affiliation: Demarco, Diego. Universidade de São Pablo. Departamento de Botânica. Instituto de Biociencias; Brasil

Author affiliation: Alseekh, Saleh. Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology; Alemania

Author affiliation: Salinas Gamboa, Rigel. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Laboratorio de Fisiología, Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas. Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud; México

Author affiliation: Perez-Flores, Laura. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Laboratorio de Fisiología, Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas. Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud; México

Author affiliation: Dominguez, Pia Guadalupe. INTA. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Rothan, Christophe. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Fruit Biology and Pathology Unit; Francia

Author affiliation: Fernie, Alisdair R. Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology; Alemania

Author affiliation: Gonzalez, Maurıcio. Universidad de Chile. Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Vegetal; Chile

Author affiliation: Stocker, Achim. University of Berne. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Suiza

Author affiliation: Hemmerle, Andreas. University of Berne. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Suiza

Author affiliation: Clausen, Mads Hartving. Technical University of Denmark. Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics. Department of Chemistry; Dinamarca

Author affiliation: Carrari, Fernando. INTA. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Universidade de São Pablo. Departamento de Botânica. Instituto de Biociencias; Brasil

Author affiliation: Rossi, Magdalena. Universidade de São Pablo. Departamento de Botânica. Instituto de Biociencias; Brasil

Abstract:

Commercialization of agricultural products, including seeds and its derived products, represents an important economic source for developing countries. Natural colorants obtained from the seeds of achiote plant (annatto) have been used since pre-Hispanic times. Also, production of this crop has been important for Mayan cuisine. Annual world production of achiote seeds is approximately 14,500 tons (dry weight). Two thirds of the production is commercialized as dried seeds and the rest as colorant. Latin America produces 60% of the total world production, followed by Africa (27%) and Asia (12%). The main producers in Latin America are Peru, Brazil and Mexico. The purpose of the present paper is to review the most recent literature on Bixa orellana L. focusing on bixin, norbixin, tocotrienols and tocopherols biosynthesis, use and industrial applications of annatto extracts, as well as its nutraceutical potential and its benefits for human health.

Author affiliation: Raddatz Mota, Denise. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; México

Author affiliation: Pérez Flores, Laura J.. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; México

Author affiliation: Carrari, Fernando Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina

Author affiliation: Mendoza Espinoza, José A.. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; México. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México

Author affiliation: de León Sánchez, Fernando Díaz. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; México

Author affiliation: Pinzón López, Luis L.. Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal; México

Author affiliation: Godoy Hernández, Gregorio. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán. Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas; México

Author affiliation: Rivera Cabrera, Fernando. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; México

Abstract:

The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on dietary fiber, total phenolic (TPC), Vitamin B and E contents, antioxidant capacity (AC) and microbiological characteristics of gooseberry pulp immediately after processing (300-400-500 MPa/1-3-5 min) and after 30 days of storage at 4 °C. Initially, treatment at 300 MPa/1 min reduced the microbial counts to non-detectable levels (<1.0 log CFU/g). An increased of soluble dietary fiber was observed for all the treatments compared to control samples. Moreover, a notable increase in B3 and B6 contents were observed respect to control samples. After refrigerated storage, the insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) to soluble dietary fiber (SDF) ratios were similar to those presented at Day 0. Although the values of TPC were lower than at Day 0, an increasing tendency due to treatments was observed. Regarding antioxidant capacity, maximum values were observed at 500 MPa/5 min. Retentions higher than 84% for (β+γ)-tocopherols and α-tocopherols were reported. Therefore, HHP technology seems to be a good option for microbiological stabilization of gooseberry pulp, while it may also preserve the most quality this pulp including nutritional, antioxidant and physicochemical aspects.

Author affiliation: Vega Gálvez, Antonio. Universidad de La Serena; Chile

Author affiliation: Díaz, Romina. Universidad de La Serena; Chile

Author affiliation: López, Jéssica. Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Chile. Universidad de La Serena; Chile

Author affiliation: Galotto, María José. Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Chile

Author affiliation: Reyes, Juan Esteban. Universidad del Bio Bio; Chile

Author affiliation: Perez Won, Mario. Universidad de La Serena; Chile

Author affiliation: Puente Díaz, Luis. Universidad de Chile; Chile

Author affiliation: Di Scala, Karina Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Abstract:

Microcapsules of gum arabic or maltodextrin 20DE containing antioxidant molecules (AOx), for example, carotenoids and tocopherol derivatives, were prepared by the spray-drying technique. The properties of these microcapsules were evaluated by several techniques, such as dynamic light scattering, scanning electronic microscopy, and steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of microencapsulated pyrene. The quenching of photochemically generated singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) by the AOx in homogeneous solvents as well as in microcapsule solutions was evaluated using time-resolved phosphorescence detection of 1O2. The quenching rate constant of the process, KQ AOx, was strongly dependent on the type of the AOx. These results are explained by compartmentalization effects of the AOx in the core of the microcapsules and the accessibility of 1O2. The contribution of the biopolymer as quencher of 1O2 was also investigated. The present results can be applied to the design of edible antioxidant microcapsules within the food and cosmetic industries. © 2010 American Chemical Society.

Author affiliation: Faria, Adelia F.. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasil

Author affiliation: Mignone, Ricardo Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentina

Author affiliation: Montenegro, Mariana Angélica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Tecnologica Nacional. Facultad Regional Villa Maria; Argentina

Author affiliation: Mercadante, Adriana Z.. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasil

Author affiliation: Borsarelli, Claudio Darío. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentina

Abstract:

Quality characteristics (acidity, peroxide value, K 232, K 270, ΔK, oxidative stability index) and chemical data (antioxidant compound, fatty-acid, sterol, erythrodiol-uvaol, and wax compositions) were studied in monovarietal virgin-olive oil samples (2004-2005 harvests) from different regions of Argentina. The data obtained according to standard methods were compared with international quality and purity criteria. The total-polyphenol content ranged from 25 to 263 mg/kg, showing the highest values for Coratina and Arauco oils. The α-tocopherol content varied between 160 and 428 mg/kg; these values are generally stated to belong to good quality oils. Most of the samples from the new productive zones failed at least one purity criterion. Arbequina samples presented the highest deviations from the International Olive Oil Council criteria in fatty acids, waxes, and sterol percentages, indicating a poor adaptation of this cultivar to the agronomic medium and its sensibility to adverse climatic conditions. Principal component analysis revealed that the harvest-year influence was attributable to environmental factors.

Author affiliation: Ceci, Liliana Noemí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentina

Author affiliation: Carelli Albarracin, Amalia Antonia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentina

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Information about the chemical profile of soybean seed is valuable for breeding programs aimed at obtaining value‐added products to meet the demands of niche markets. The objective of this study was to determine seed composition of non‐transgenic soybean genotypes with specialty characters in different environments of Argentina. RESULTS: Protein and oil contents ranged from 396 to 424 g kg−1 and from 210 to 226 g kg−1, respectively. Oleic and linolenic acid ratio, the general indicator of oil quality, varied from 2.7 to 3.8. The oil contained high levels of total tocopherols (1429–1558 mg kg−1) and the meal exhibited high levels of total isoflavones (2.91–4.62 mg g−1). The biplot showed that oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, γ‐, δ‐ and total tocopherols, genistin, malonyl daidzin and genistin, acetyl daidzin and glycitin and total isoflavones allowed the greatest discrimination among the genotypes studied. CONCLUSION: Different chemical profiles of each non‐transgenic genotype analyzed were established and, therefore, their identity was defined. These results are important for breeders who intend to obtain new genotypes with improved meal and oil quality, as well as for processors and exporters, who could use them directly as raw material for soyfood processing for nutraceutical purposes

EEA Manfredi

Author affiliation: Carrera, Constanza Soledad. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Dardanelli, Julio Luis. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; Argentina

Author affiliation: Soldini, Diego Omar. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; Argentina

Abstract:

This study provides information about the chemical quality (quality indices, fatty acid profile, total polyphenols(PPs), tocopherols and pigments) and oxidative stability index (OSI) of virgin olive oils of Arbequina, ChanglotReal and Coratina cultivars (San Juan province, Argentina). The influence of the cultivar and the effect of earlier harvest dates on the yields (OY), quality and OSI of the oils were also evaluated. All the oils were classified as extra virgin. The OY (L/100 kg) averaged: Arbequina = 13.2, Changlot Real = 21.3, Coratina = 18.3. The oleic acid (O) percentage, oleic to linoleic plus linolenic ratio [O / (L + Ln)], PPs and OSI were highly dependent on cultivar (Arbequina < Changlot Real < Coratina). The earlier harvest season associated with lower maturity indices increased the OSI of all the oils (Arbequina: from 6.3?13.8 h up to 10.6?19.0 h, Changlot: from 6.0-12.1 h up to 13.7-36.9 h and Coratina: from 20.5?26.0 h up to 24.6?42.4 h) due to a more favorable O / (L + Ln) ratioand antioxidant composition. Regional producers are recommended to bring forward the harvest season to obtain oils with better chemical and nutritional quality, higher oxidative stability and a fatty acid profile according to the IOC trade standard.

Author affiliation: Ceci, Liliana Noemí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentina

Author affiliation: Mattar, Susana B. Universidad Católica de Cuyo - Sede San Juan; Argentina

Author affiliation: Carelli Albarracin, Amalia Antonia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentina

Abstract:

The liverwort, Porella vernicosa complex produces a very hot tasting polygodial, a drimane-type sesquiterpene dialdehyde. The same compound has been isolated from two ferns, Thelypteris hispidula and Blechnum fluviatile, as well as from the higher plants Polygonum hydropiper, P. hydropiper f. purpurascens (Polygonaceae), Cinnamosma, Caspicodendron, Canella and Warburgia species (Canellaceae), and Pseudowintera colorata, Tasmannia lanceolata, Drimys and Zygogynum species (Winteraceae). In addition, the liverworts and higher plants which elaborate polygodial and its related pungent drimane dials contain a small amount of alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol or deltha-tocotrienol. The present paper gives the results of a comparative study on the drimane-type sesquiterpenoids in some liverworts, ferns and higher plants, and the role of tocopherols in these plant groups.

Author affiliation: Asakawa,Yoshinori. Tokushima Bunri University; Japón

Author affiliation: Ludwiczuka, Agnieszka. Tokushima Bunri University; Japón. Medical University of Lublin; Polonia

Author affiliation: Harinantenaina, Liva. Tokushima Bunri University; Japón

Author affiliation: Toyota, Masao. Tokushima Bunri University; Japón

Author affiliation: Nishiki, Mayumi. Tokushima Bunri University; Japón

Author affiliation: Bardon, Alicia del Valle. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentina. Tokushima Bunri University; Japón

Author affiliation: Nii, Kaeko. Tokushima Bunri University; Japón

Abstract:

Fatty acids, tocopherols, and phenolic compounds biogenesis from two major Spanish olive cultivars (Arbequina and Manzanilla) were analyzed for the function of the thermal regime during the fruit ontogeny in a non-Mediterranean environment. Bilinear models characterized the dynamics of fatty acid biogenesis. Regressions between the accumulated thermal time (TT) and the levels of both oleic and linoleic acids showed different responses to temperature of each olive cultivar. After reaching similar absolute maximum oleic acid contents at similar TT, the levels of this fatty acid decreased markedly in cv. Arbequina and its final concentration was 10 % lower than that found in cv. Manzanilla. In both cultivars, concentrations of all tocopherol isoforms were negatively associated with the TT accumulated over the entire oil accumulation period. Dynamics of phenolic compounds biogenesis showed no clear tendencies with TT. Nevertheless, and whatever the stage of fruit development, secoiridoids were the major phenolic components. Results suggest greater sensitivity of fatty acid metabolism to temperature in cv. Arbequina. This fact points out the necessity of appropriate evaluation of the ambient thermal characteristics before introducing this cultivar into new growing environments.

EEA San Juan

Author affiliation: Bodoira, Romina Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Author affiliation: Torres, Myriam Mariela. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina

Author affiliation: Pierantozzi, Pierluigi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina

Author affiliation: Aguate, Fernando Matías. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Cátedra de Bioestadística; Argentina.

Author affiliation: Taticchi, Agnese. Università degli Studi di Perugia. Dipartimento di Scienze AgrarieAlimentari e Ambientali; Italia

Author affiliation: Servili, Maurizio. Università degli Studi di Perugia. Dipartimento di Scienze AgrarieAlimentari e Ambientali; Italia

Author affiliation: Maestri, Damian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Abstract:

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seed has gained a great interest in the last years, mainly due to its nutritional properties and its content of antioxidant substances with health-promoting properties in humans. In this work, the effect of germination time and fermentation on the levels of antioxidant compounds (ascorbic acid, tocopherol isomers and phenolic compounds) and antioxidant activity of quinoa seeds was evaluated. Fermentation was carried out naturally by the microorganisms present in the seeds or by inoculation with two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (used for baking and brewing). Ascorbic acid and total tocopherols were significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) after 72 h of germination process in comparison with raw quinoa seeds, whilst fermentation caused a decrease in both types of compounds. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity were improved using both bioprocesses, being this effect more noticeable for germination process (101 % of increase after three days of germination). Germination and fermentation proved to be desirable procedures for producing enriched ingredients with health-promoting antioxidant compounds in a natural way.

Author affiliation: Carciochi, Ramiro Ariel. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería Olavarría; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Galván D'alessandro, Leandro. Universite Lille; Francia

Author affiliation: Vandendriessche, Pierre. Universite Lille; Francia

Author affiliation: Chollet, Sylvie. Universite Lille; Francia