Authors: Fernández, Natalia Jorgelina; Porrini, Martín Pablo; Podaza, Enrique Arturo; Damiani, Natalia; Gende, Liesel Brenda; Eguaras, Martin Javier
Publication Date: 2014.
Language: English.
Abstract:
In the eusocial honeybee, Apis mellifera, worker bees use a stinging apparatus for defense. The sting is upplied with venom by glands localized in the abdomen. Honeybee venom (BV) is composed of at least 18 bioactive molecules, ranging from biogenic amines to proteins whose structure and function have been largely determined. These include peptides such as melittin, apamin, adolapin, and mast cell degranulating peptide; biologically active amines; enzymes as phospholipase A2 (PLA2); and a few nonpeptide components (Peiren et al. 2005;Matysiak et al. 2011).Melittin and PLA2 are the most abundant proteins, representing 50 and 12 % of BV dry weight, respectively. This research also constitutes the first record of oral administration of BV to an invertebrate biological model. No lethal or behavioral effects on bees after a week of ingesting BV were revealed. High doses of BV proved much less toxic for bees than some botanical extracts (Damiani et al. 2014). Further studies should be conducted to determine the toxicological risks and the optimum dosage of BV or the use of single antimicrobial peptides (i.e., Melittin) for field assays. BVextraction has become a standardized practice, characterized for being safe, simple, and causing no harm to bees. It would be interesting to investigate its effect on other apicultural diseases.
Author affiliation: Fernández, Natalia Jorgelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina
Author affiliation: Porrini, Martín Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina
Author affiliation: Podaza, Enrique Arturo. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina
Author affiliation: Damiani, Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina
Author affiliation: Gende, Liesel Brenda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina
Author affiliation: Eguaras, Martin Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina
Repository: CONICET Digital (CONICET). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Abstract:
Author affiliation: Soriano, Ángela M. de. Instituto Bacteriológico. Departamento Nacional de Higiene; Argentina.
Keywords: Bacterias; Clasificación; Bacillus subtilis; Bacillus cereus; Paenibacillus polymyxa.
Repository: Sistema de Gestión del Conocimiento ANLIS MALBRÁN. Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"
Authors: Ghio, Silvina; Martinez Cáceres, Alfredo I.; Talia, Paola Monica; Grasso, Daniel Horacio; Campos, Eleonora
Publication Date: 2015.
Language: English.
Abstract:
Paenibacillus sp. A59 was isolated from decaying forest soil in Argentina and characterized as a xylanolytic strain. We report the draft genome sequence of this isolate, with an estimated genome size of 7 Mb which harbor 6,424 coding sequences. Genes coding for hydrolytic enzymes involved in lignocellulose deconstruction were predicted.
Author affiliation: Ghio, Silvina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Suelos; Argentina
Author affiliation: Martinez Cáceres, Alfredo I.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina
Author affiliation: Talia, Paola Monica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Author affiliation: Grasso, Daniel Horacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Suelos; Argentina
Author affiliation: Campos, Eleonora. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Repository: CONICET Digital (CONICET). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Authors: Moliné, Maria de la Paz; Fernández, Natalia Jorgelina; Medici, Sandra Karina; Fasce, Diana Patricia; Gende, Liesel Brenda
Publication Date: 2015.
Language: English.
Abstract:
In recent years, microwave heating has become a common method for pasteurization and sterilization of food. Honey is a sweet substance produced by worker honeybees from nectar of flowers. The major microbial contaminants include moulds and yeasts, as well as the spore-forming bacteria, being their counts indicative of honeys' commercial quality and safety. Paenibacillus larvae is also of interest since it causes American foulbrood (AFB) in honeybee larvae. The main quality factors that are used in the honey international trade are moisture, hydroxymethylfurfural content (HMF), and enzymatic indices. Moreover, honey exhibits several thermal events, the most important being the glass transition temperature (Tg). The aim of this work was to evaluate microwave effect (800 watts during 45 and 90 seconds) on microbial content in particular over P. larvae spores retained in honey, and on physicochemical and thermal properties. Microwave promoted a decrease of microbial count with time of exposure, including P. larvae. Moisture content diminished after treatment, while Tg increased linearly, and acidity decremented in the majority of cases. Honeys darkened and HMF exceeded the permissible value. Diastase and glucose-oxidase enzymes were totally inactivated by microwave treatment.
Author affiliation: Moliné, Maria de la Paz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología. Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina
Author affiliation: Fernández, Natalia Jorgelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología. Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales; Argentina
Author affiliation: Medici, Sandra Karina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología. Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales; Argentina. Laboratorio Fares Taie; Argentina
Author affiliation: Fasce, Diana Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentina
Author affiliation: Gende, Liesel Brenda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología. Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química; Argentina
Repository: CONICET Digital (CONICET). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Authors: Moliné, Maria de la Paz; Fernández, Natalia Jorgelina; Medici, Sandra Karina; Fasce, Diana Patricia; Gende, Liesel Brenda
Publication Date: 2015.
Language: English.
Abstract:
In recent years, microwave heating has become a common method for pasteurization and sterilization of food. Honey is a sweet substance produced by worker honeybees from nectar of flowers. The major microbial contaminants include moulds and yeasts, as well as the spore-forming bacteria, being their counts indicative of honeys’ commercial quality and safety. Paenibacillus larvae is also of interest since it causes American foulbrood (AFB) in honeybee larvae. The main quality factors that are used in the honey international trade are moisture, hydroxymethylfurfural content (HMF), and enzymatic indices. Moreover, honey exhibits several thermal events, the most important being the glass transition temperature (Tg). The aim of this work was to evaluate microwave effect (800 watts during 45 and 90 seconds) on microbial content in particular over P. larvae spores retained in honey, and on physicochemical and thermal properties. Microwave promoted a decrease of microbial count with time of exposure, including P. larvae. Moisture content diminished after treatment, while Tg increased linearly, and acidity decremented in the majority of cases. Honeys darkened and HMF exceeded the permissible value. Diastase and glucose-oxidase enzymes were totally inactivated by microwave treatment.
Author affiliation: Moliné, Maria de la Paz. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina
Author affiliation: Fernández, Natalia Jorgelina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Author affiliation: Medici, Sandra Karina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Laboratorio Fares Taie; Argentina
Author affiliation: Fasce, Diana Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (i); Argentina
Author affiliation: Gende, Liesel Brenda. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Repository: CONICET Digital (CONICET). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Publication Date: 2013.
Language: Spanish.
Abstract:
La bacteria esporulada gram positiva Paenibacillus larvae es el agente causal de la loque americana de las abejas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar las CIM de tetraciclina obtenidas por el método Etest y las obtenidas por el método de dilución en agar frente a 22 cepas del patógeno, empleando dos medios de cultivo: Iso-Sensitest y MYPGP. Se encontró una concordancia de categoría entre dichos métodos del 100 % usando agar Iso-Sensitest, mientras que con MYPGP la concordancia de categoría fue del 86,36 % (con 3 errores menores). Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que la combinación de las tiras de Etest con agar Iso-Sensitest sería una alternativa rápida y confiable para determinar las CIM de tetraciclina en P. larvae; sin embargo, estos resultados deberán confirmarse en futuros estudios que contemplen un mayor número de aislamientos.
American foulbrood (AFB) is a bacterial disease caused by the spore-forming, grampositive bacterium Paenibacillus larvae, which affects honeybee broods worldwide. The aim of this work was to compare the Epsilometer test (Etest) to the agar dilution method for testing a collection of 22 P. larvae strains to tetracycline by using MYPGP and Iso- Sensitest agars. Results showed that a categorical agreement of 100% was found when using Iso-Sensitest, while a categorical agreement of 86.36% was found (with 3 minor errors) when MYPGP was tested. In conclusion, the Etest could be a rapid and reliable method for testing MIC values of tetracycline in P. larvae only when used in combination with Iso-Sensitest agar. Nevertheless, these results should be confirmed with future studies involving a larger number of isolates.
Author affiliation: Alippi, Adriana Mónica. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Centro en Investigación de Fitopatología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico La Plata; Argentina
Author affiliation: Reynaldi, Francisco José. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Centro en Investigación de Fitopatología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico La Plata; Argentina
Author affiliation: López, Ana Claudia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Centro en Investigación de Fitopatología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico La Plata; Argentina
Repository: CONICET Digital (CONICET). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Authors: Ghio, Silvina; Insani, Ester Marina; Piccinni, Florencia Elizabeth; Talia, Paola Mónica; Grasso, Daniel Horacio; Campos, Eleonora
Publication Date: 2016.
Language: English.
Abstract:
A novel bacterial isolate with polysaccharides degrading activity was identified as Paenibacillus sp., andnamed Paenibacillus sp. A59. Even though it is a strict mesophile, optimal xylanase activity of the crudeenzymatic extract was achieved between 50◦C and 70◦C and more than 60% of the activity was retainedafter incubation for 48 h at 50◦C, indicating thermotolerance of the enzymes involved. The extract wasalso active on pre-treated sugarcane residue (SCR) and wheat straw, releasing xylobiose and xylose asthe main products, therefore confirming its predominantly xylanolytic activity. By zymograms and massspectrometry of crude enzymatic extracts of xylan or SCR cultures, a 32 kDa GH10 beta- 1,4- endoxylanasewith xylanase and no CMCase activity was identified. We named this enzyme XynA and it was the onlyxylanase identified under both conditions assayed, suggesting that it is a good candidate for recombinantexpression and evaluation in hemicelluloses deconstruction applications. Also, a protein with two S-layerhomology domains (SLH) and a large uncharacterized C-terminal domain as well as an ABC substratebinding protein were identified in crude extracts of SCR cultures. We propose that Paenibacillus sp. A59uses a system similar to anaerobic and other Gram positive bacteria, with SLH-domain proteins anchoringpolysaccharide-degrading enzymes close to the membrane and the substrate binding protein assistingtranslocation of simple sugars to the cell interior.
Inst. de Biotecnología
Author affiliation: Insani, Ester Marina. INTA. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina
Author affiliation: Piccinni, Florencia Elizabeth. INTA. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina
Author affiliation: Talia, Paola Mónica. INTA. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina
Author affiliation: Ghio, Silvina. INTA. Instituto de Suelos; Argentina
Author affiliation: Grasso, Daniel Horacio. INTA. Instituto de Suelos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina
Author affiliation: Campos, Eleonora. INTA. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina
Keywords: Biomasa; Paenibacillus; Lignocelulosa; Xilanos; Biomass; Lignocellulose; Xylans.
Repository: INTA Digital (INTA). Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
Authors: Ghio, Silvina; Insani, Ester Marina; Piccinni, Florencia Elizabeth; Talia, Paola Monica; Grasso, Daniel Horacio; Campos, Eleonora
Publication Date: 2016.
Language: English.
Abstract:
A novel bacterial isolate with polysaccharides degrading activity was identified as Paenibacillus sp., andnamed Paenibacillus sp. A59. Even though it is a strict mesophile, optimal xylanase activity of the crudeenzymatic extract was achieved between 50◦C and 70◦C and more than 60% of the activity was retainedafter incubation for 48 h at 50◦C, indicating thermotolerance of the enzymes involved. The extract wasalso active on pre-treated sugarcane residue (SCR) and wheat straw, releasing xylobiose and xylose asthe main products, therefore confirming its predominantly xylanolytic activity. By zymograms and massspectrometry of crude enzymatic extracts of xylan or SCR cultures, a 32 kDa GH10 beta- 1,4- endoxylanasewith xylanase and no CMCase activity was identified. We named this enzyme XynA and it was the onlyxylanase identified under both conditions assayed, suggesting that it is a good candidate for recombinantexpression and evaluation in hemicelluloses deconstruction applications. Also, a protein with two S-layerhomology domains (SLH) and a large uncharacterized C-terminal domain as well as an ABC substratebinding protein were identified in crude extracts of SCR cultures. We propose that Paenibacillus sp. A59uses a system similar to anaerobic and other Gram positive bacteria, with SLH-domain proteins anchoringpolysaccharide-degrading enzymes close to the membrane and the substrate binding protein assistingtranslocation of simple sugars to the cell interior.
Author affiliation: Ghio, Silvina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Suelos; Argentina
Author affiliation: Insani, Ester Marina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina
Author affiliation: Piccinni, Florencia Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina
Author affiliation: Talia, Paola Monica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina
Author affiliation: Grasso, Daniel Horacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Suelos; Argentina
Author affiliation: Campos, Eleonora. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Repository: CONICET Digital (CONICET). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Authors: Reyes, Maria Guadalupe; Torres, María Julia; Maggi, Matías Daniel; Marioli, Juan Miguel; Gil, Roberto Ricardo; Sosa, Virginia Estela; Uriburu Monasterio, Maria Laura; Audisio, Marcela Carina
Publication Date: 2013.
Language: English.
Abstract:
Paenibacillus larvae, a sporulating Gram-positive bacterium, is the etiological agent of American foulbrood disease in Apis mellifera L. Plant extracts could be a natural alternative to control this pathology. The current study assessed the anti-P. larvae effect of extracts and pure principal products from the Flourensia genus: F. riparia, F. fiebrigii and F. tortuosa. Their inhibitory effect was assayed against different P. larvae strains according to the disk diffusion technique and subsequently, the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of extracts by the agar dilution method was determined. Furthermore, toxicity of the most effective extracts against P. larvae was tested in bees. All extracts inhibited growth of the different P. larvae strains assayed. However, the magnitude of the antagonistic effect depended on the chemical nature of the extract and the P. larvae strain. Chloroform extracts (CE) and ethyl ether extracts (ETE) from F. riparia and ETE from F. fiebrigii were most active against P. larvae Azul, the most sensitive indicator strain with MIC values of 250 ppm (CE) and 2000 ppm (ETE) for F. riparia, and 2500 ppm (ETE) for F. fiebrigii. Hexane extracts from the three species did not present any significant inhibitory effect. These results would indicate that one or some of the more polar compounds would cause inhibition of this pathogen. Toxicity assays demonstrated that even the highest concentrations assayed (125,000 ppm) did not show lethal effects on exposed bees during in vitro conditions.
Author affiliation: Reyes, Maria Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigación para la Industria Química (i); Argentina
Author affiliation: Torres, María Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigación para la Industria Química (i); Argentina
Author affiliation: Maggi, Matías Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología. Laboratorio de Artrópodos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Author affiliation: Marioli, Juan Miguel. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Departamento de Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Author affiliation: Gil, Roberto Ricardo. Carnegie Mellon University. Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Sosa, Virginia Estela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina
Author affiliation: Uriburu Monasterio, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigación para la Industria Química (i); Argentina
Author affiliation: Audisio, Marcela Carina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigación para la Industria Química (i); Argentina
Repository: CONICET Digital (CONICET). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Authors: Reyes, Maria Guadalupe; Torres, María Julia; Maggi, Matías Daniel; Marioli, Juan Miguel; Gil, Roberto Ricardo; Sosa, Virginia Estela; Uriburu Monasterio, Maria Laura; Audisio, Marcela Carina
Publication Date: 2013.
Language: English.
Abstract:
Paenibacillus larvae, a sporulating Gram-positive bacterium, is the etiological agent of American foulbrooddisease in Apis mellifera L. Plant extracts could be a natural alternative to control this pathology. Thecurrent study assessed the anti-P. larvae effect of extracts and pure principal products from the Flourensia genus: F. riparia, F. fiebrigii and F. tortuosa. Their inhibitory effect was assayed against different P. larvae strains according to the disk diffusion technique and subsequently, the minimal inhibitory concentrations(MIC) of extracts by the agar dilution method was determined. Furthermore, toxicity of the most effective extracts against P. larvae was tested in bees. All extracts inhibited growth of the different P. larvae strains assayed. However, the magnitude of the antagonistic effect depended on the chemical nature of the extract and the P. larvae strain. Chloroform extracts (CE) and ethyl ether extracts (ETE) from F. riparia and ETE from F. fiebrigii were most active against P. larvae Azul, the most sensitive indicator strain with MIC values of 250 ppm (CE) and 2000 ppm (ETE) for F. riparia, and 2500 ppm (ETE) for F. fiebrigii. Hexane extracts from the three species did not present any significant inhibitory effect. These results would indicate that one or some of the more polar compounds would cause inhibition of this pathogen. Toxicity assays demonstrated that even the highest concentrations assayed (125,000 ppm) did not show lethaleffects on exposed bees during in vitro conditions.
Author affiliation: Reyes, Maria Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigación Para la Industria Química (i); Argentina
Author affiliation: Torres, María Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigación Para la Industria Química (i); Argentina
Author affiliation: Maggi, Matías Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología. Laboratorio de Artrópodos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Author affiliation: Marioli, Juan Miguel. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Author affiliation: Gil, Roberto Ricardo. University Of Carnegie Mellon; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Sosa, Virginia Estela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina
Author affiliation: Uriburu Monasterio, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigación para la Industria Química (i); Argentina
Author affiliation: Audisio, Marcela Carina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Investigación Para la Industria Química (i); Argentina
Repository: CONICET Digital (CONICET). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas