Abstract:

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los contrapuntos que el comunismo realizó con otras perspectivas y el modo particular en que sus propuestas fueron visualizadas. El Primer Congreso Latinoamericano de Mujeres realizado en 1959 es una ocasión singular para captar esos debates a través de un corpus documental de prensa comercial y partidaria, cartas y entrevistas. Los resultados muestran las estrategias de distintos sectores por captar a las mujeres y, asimismo, los conflictos internos que tuvieron para definirlas como sujetos revolucionarios y reconocer sus especificidades en los proyectos que marchaban al socialismo.;

The aim of this paper is to analyze the counterpoints about women's mobilization between communism and other perspectives -specially, catholics associations. The First Latin American Congress of Women held in 1959 is a unique opportunity to capture these debates through a corpus which includes commercial and partisan press, letters and interviews The results show the strategies of different sectors to attract women. It also shows the difficulties of communism for defining them as revolutionary subjects and to recognize their individuality.

Author affiliation: Valobra, Adriana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Abstract:

Este artículo se concentra en la vida política de algunas organizaciones anticomunistas de derecha en Argentina entre 1955 y 1966: se intenta poner de manifiesto la pluralidad de tradiciones anticomunistas presentes en el país, así como algunas de las diferentes vinculaciones internacionales de las que participaban. A partir de la consulta a fuentes periodísticas, oficiales y de la inteligencia policial, se reunió información para reconstruir las posturas ideológicas, las lecturas sobre los problemas sociales y culturales argentinos y algunas de las actividades políticas lideradas (o acompañadas) por diversos actores anticomunistas. Este período se caracteriza por una súbita coronación del anticomunismo en los discursos políticos, al punto de desplazar o subsumir una preocupación sobre el peronismo, originariamente más relevante. El anticomunismo terminó convirtiéndose en una pieza clave en la articulación entre las distintas familias de derecha.

This article focuses in the political life of some Anti-Communist argentine organizations between 1955 and 1966: the main purpose is to prove that existed many Anti-communist traditions in the country and that they had participated in differentiated international networks. Journals, official documents and Police Intelligence reports are used to gather information in order to identify political positions, perceptions on national social and cultural problems and some of the political initiatives led (or accompanied) by Anti-Communist actors. This period was characterized by the fact that Anti-Communist discourses had a sudden and increasingly presence in politcal speeches, displacing or minimizing previously overwhelming political concerns on Peronism. Anti-Communism finally became a key idea, shared by different Right-wing families.

Abstract:

The aim of this paper is to study a specific aspect of the Communist foreign propaganda policy in Latin America: its cThe aim of this paper is to study a specific aspect of the Communist foreign propaganda policy in Latin America: its cultural influence through the export of films. Renewed after Stalin´s death, Soviet cultural propaganda concentrated on gaining the favour of foreign public. Particularly in Argentina, several propaganda techniques were implemented. Although the export of films was just one of them, it soon became very successful thanks to the collaboration of a local cultural mediator, the film distribution company Artkino Pictures, as well as its owner and founder, Argentino Vainikoff. His expertise in the field actually gained him a new business deal with Czechoslovak filmography, which somewhat contested USSR imagery. In all, here –with the aid of oral history as well as contemporary press analysis– we argue that Artkino´s role in the import of an idealised imaginary of Communism was crucial and had a particularly strong impact on middle-class citizens of the cultural and artistic regional centre that Buenos Aires was in the 1950s and 1960s, and from where all Latin America, as the Soviets soon acknowledged, could be reached.ultural influence through the export of films. Renewed after Stalin´s death, Soviet cultural propaganda concentrated on gaining the favour of foreign public. Particularly in Argentina, several propaganda techniques were implemented. Although the export of films was just one of them, it soon became very successful thanks to the collaboration of a local cultural mediator, the film distribution company Artkino Pictures, as well as its owner and founder, Argentino Vainikoff. His expertise in the field actually gained him a new business deal with Czechoslovak filmography, which somewhat contested USSR imagery. In all, here –with the aid of oral history as well as contemporary press analysis– we argue that Artkino´s role in the import of an idealised imaginary of Communism was crucial and had a particularly strong impact on middle-class citizens of the cultural and artistic regional centre that Buenos Aires was in the 1950s and 1960s, and from where all Latin America, as the Soviets soon acknowledged, could be reached.

Author affiliation: Galván, Maria Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto de Historia Argentina y Americana ; Argentina

Author affiliation: Zourek, Michal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto de Historia Argentina y Americana ; Argentina. Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice; República Checa

Abstract:

The history of Russian Revolution was pervaded by strong ideological disputes and political interests that emerged at the height of the Cold War. The dissolution of the USSR brought several changes in theoretical perspectives, improved access to sources, and a new political context that questioned, but did not eliminate, prior prejudices. A hundred years after the Revolution, this article reviews the debates that the event inspired and analyzes the perspectives that were opened with the main transformations in the historiography of the last two decades. The objective is to present a history of the Russian Revolution that overcomes prejudices and distortions.

A narração da Revolução Russa foi atravessada por fortes disputas ideológicas e interesses políticos surgidos, em grande parte, no calor da guerra fria. A dissolução da URSS em 1991 trouxe mudanças nas perspectivas teóricas, a melhora no acesso a fontes e novos contextos políticos que questionaram antigos preconceitos, embora não os tenham eliminado. Aos cem anos da Revolução, este artigo passa em revista os debates que se geraram historicamente e analisa as perspectivas abertas a partir das principais transformações na historiografia das duas últimas décadas, com o objetivo de apresentar uma possível história da Revolução Russa que supere preconceitos e distorções.

Author affiliation: Baña, Martín. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Abstract:

El presente trabajo analiza el libro de Reynaldo Pastor, Frente al totalitarismo peronista, en tanto producto tardío de la literatura de ensayo antiperonista, en el que se intenta conjugar parte de la tradición antifascista de cuño liberal-conservador en el marco de la renovada prédica antitotalitaria de la Guerra Fría. A partir de este análisis se tendrá en cuenta el lugar que la taxonomización política cumple como estrategia de verosimilitud en el intento que hace el autor de equiparar la experiencia peronista con los fenómenos totalitarios –entre los que se incluye al comunismo– mediante el uso, en su texto, de columnas comparativas.

This article analyses the book written by Reynaldo Pastor and entitled Frente al totalitarismo peronista as a late result of antiperonista literature. The mentioned text exposes the mixing of a liberal-conservative antifascist tradition with a renewed anti-totalitarian Cold War preaching. In this work, we indicate the importance of the role that political taxonomy played as a way to make believable the idea of consistency between peronismo and totalitarianism. As a novelty, it can be noted the use of a two-columns design in the strategy of the author of the reported book to confirm the identity between peronismo and communism.

Author affiliation: Bisso, Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentina

Abstract:

El presente trabajo analiza el libro de Reynaldo Pastor, Frente al totalitarismo peronista, en tanto producto tardío de la literatura de ensayo antiperonista, en el que se intenta conjugar parte de la tradición antifascista de cuño liberal-conservador en el marco de la renovada prédica antitotalitaria de la Guerra Fría. A partir de este análisis se tendrá en cuenta el lugar que la taxonomización política cumple como estrategia de verosimilitud en el intento que hace el autor de equiparar la experiencia peronista con los fenómenos totalitarios ?entre los que se incluye al comunismo? mediante el uso, en su texto, de columnas comparativas.

This article analyses the book written by Reynaldo Pastor and entitled Frente al totalitarismo peronista as a late result of antiperonista literature. The mentioned text exposes the mixing of a liberal-conservative antifascist tradition with a renewed anti-totalitarian Cold War preaching. In this work, we indicate the importance of the role that political taxonomy played as a way to make believable the idea of consistency between peronismo and totalitarianism. As a novelty, it can be noted the use of a two-columns design in the strategy of the author of the reported book to confirm the identity between peronismo and communism.

Author affiliation: Bisso, Andrés. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina.

Abstract:

El artículo compara la trayectoria de las filiales argentina y chilena del Congreso por la Libertad de la Cultura - un producto de Estados Unidos en la Guerra Fría cultural creado en 1950-entre 1950 y 1964. Basado en numerosas fuentes primarias y secundarias, contribuye a de-centrar los estudios sobre la Guerra Fría cultural, mostrando la manera en que desarrollos históricos internacionales fueron procesados a nivel local y revelando similitudes y diferencias entre las dos filiales relacionadas con el contexto político, ideológico y cultural específico de cada país.

The article compares the trajectory of the Argentine and Chilean branches of the Congress for Cultural Freedom -an institution linked to the American cultural Cold War created in 1950- between 1950 and 1964. Based on numerous primary and secondary sources, it contributes to de-centering studies on the cultural Cold War, showing the different ways in which international historical developments were processed and re-signified at the local level and revealing similarities and differences between the two branches related to the particular political, ideological, and cultural context of each country.

Abstract:

El artículo se propone ver cuáles han sido los usos del pasado en los trabajos de política exterior desde las distintas perspectivas teóricas. Para hacerlo, presentaremos un brevísimo racconto del desarrollo disciplinar y señalaremos cuales son sus principales enfoques sobre el periodo, tanto en términos generales, como específicos, cuando terminó esta fase, para finalmente realizar una conclusión sobre la misma.

The article sets out to see which have been the uses of the past in the works of foreign policy from the different theoretical perspective. In order to do it, we will display brief racconto of the development to discipline and will indicate as they are its main approaches on the period, as much in general terms, as specific, when this phase finished, finally to realise a conclusion on the same.

Author affiliation: Simonoff, Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Abstract:

The political education of workers and their leaders was viewed as a strategic concern in the cold war period’s bipolar world. This article discusses how this issue was dealt with by Latin American reformist trade unions grouped together in the Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT, for its Spanish acronym), analyzing the educational policies promoted by its Inter-American Institute for Labor Studies (IIES), focusing specifically on its educational program for trade union instructors. We argue that the nature of the education provided changed, shifting from a rationale based on explicit ideological confrontation to a more focalized technical type of training. We claim that this shift started in the early 1960s, when the Alliance for Progress was launched.

Author affiliation: Scodeller, Gabriela Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina

Abstract:

El artículo se inserta en la interacción problemática de la modernización política y las relaciones de género en el contexto de la Guerra Fría, para explicar las condiciones sociohistóricas que habilitaron el reconocimiento de los derechos políticos de las mujeres en Paraguay.Específicamente, se propone estudiar las formas asumidas parala conquista de la ciudadanía porun grupo de mujeresasuncenasorganizadas en la Liga Paraguaya Pro Derechos de la Mujer(1951-1962). Asume que dicha organización, a diferencia de otras experiencias que la precedieron, se inscribió en un movimiento internacional de reivindicación de la ciudadana que, en una coyuntura local de modernización excluyente impulsada por el orden stronista, pudo tejer una alianza con actores locales e internacionales que pregonaban un orden anticomunista.

The article seeks to the problematic interaction of political modernization and gender relations in the context of the Cold War, to explain the sociohistorical conditions that enabled the recognition of the political women´s rights in Paraguay. It is proposed, specifically, to study the forms assumed by the conquest of the citizenship of a group of women from Asunción, organized in the Paraguayan League for the Rights of Women (1951-1962). It assumes that this organization, unlike other experiences that preceded it, was part of an international movement for the demand of the citizen that, in a local context of exclusionary modernization promoted by the stronist order, could weave an alliance with local and international actors that proclaimed an anticommunist order.