Abstract:

This work raises the need to open new research lines to bring closer "Design" and "Agri-food Industry", understanding design as a structured and multidisciplinary working process headed up to create products, images, spaces, etc. Within this framework, the following objectives have been outlined: i) Identification of the major design areas with regards to the agri-food sector, ii) Estimation of the importance of the "Design" component and iii) Definition of the possible lines of action. After carrying out a previous bibliometric analysis, which highlighted the lack of relevant bibliography regarding the design component in the agri-food sector, the Delphi method was selected as a suitable working methodology to interactively and systematically answer the aforementioned questions by relying on a panel of experts. The obtained results pointed out to the need of providing incentives for design in agri-food industry as a non-technological innovation aimed at increasing the added value and development of the sector. This should also help promote the design culture and push forward the creation of innovative business strategies.

Este trabajo plantea la necesidad de abrir nuevas líneas de investigación en las que se relacione "Diseño" e "Industria Agroalimentaria", entendiendo el diseño como un proceso de trabajo estructurado y multidisciplinar orientado a crear productos, imágenes, espacios, etc. En dicho contexto, se han planteado los siguientes objetivos: i) Identificación de las principales áreas de diseño dentro del sector agroalimentario. ii) Estimación de la importancia de la componente "Diseño". iii) Definición de las principales líneas de acción. Tras un análisis bibliométrico previo, que puso de relieve la carencia de bibliografía relevante en cuanto a la componente de diseño en el sector agroalimentario, se decidió establecer como metodología de trabajo el método Delphi para responder de forma interactiva y sistemática a las cuestiones planteadas, mediante la consulta a un panel de personas expertas. Los hallazgos obtenidos apuntan a la necesidad de proporcionar nuevos incentivos para el diseño en la industria agroalimentaria, como innovación no tecnológica dirigida a aumentar el valor añadido y el desarrollo del sector. Lo que ayudaría además a promover la cultura del diseño y avanzar en la creación de estrategias empresariales innovadoras.

Author affiliation: González-Yebra, Óscar. Universidad de Almería

Author affiliation: Aguilar, Manuel A.. Universidad de Almería

Author affiliation: Aguilar, Fernando J.. Universidad de Almería

Abstract:

For many animals, the visual detection of looming stimuli is crucial at any stage of their lives. For example, human babies of only 6 days old display evasive responses to looming stimuli (Bower et al. [1971]: Percept Psychophys 9: 193-196). This means the neuronal pathways involved in looming detection should mature early in life. Locusts have been used extensively to examine the neural circuits and mechanisms involved in sensing looming stimuli and triggering visually evoked evasive actions, making them ideal subjects in which to investigate the development of looming sensitivity. Two lobula giant movement detectors (LGMD) neurons have been identified in the lobula region of the locust visual system: the LGMD1 neuron responds selectively to looming stimuli and provides information that contributes to evasive responses such as jumping and emergency glides. The LGMD2 responds to looming stimuli and shares many response properties with the LGMD1. Both neurons have only been described in the adult. In this study, we describe a practical method combining classical staining techniques and 3D neuronal reconstructions that can be used, even in small insects, to reveal detailed anatomy of individual neurons. We have used it to analyze the anatomy of the fan-shaped dendritic tree of the LGMD1 and the LGMD2 neurons in all stages of the post-embryonic development of Locusta migratoria. We also analyze changes seen during the ontogeny of escape behaviors triggered by looming stimuli, specially the hiding response.

Author affiliation: Sztarker, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular; Argentina. University of Newcastle; Reino Unido

Author affiliation: Rind, F. Claire. University of Newcastle; Reino Unido

Abstract:

This paper presents a model of the conditions that may lead a small open economy towards a middle income trap. This situation has shown to be pervasive in Latin America. As Argentina is a salient instance of this phenomenon, we develop a stylized model of its economy at the first decades of the XXth century. It consists of a general equilibrium model of an open emerging economy, which is a price-taking primary goods exporter. A growth process is triggered by an increase of commodity prices, due to an upward jump of the world demand of these goods. The economy goes through several phases of growth, starting from a subsistence stage. Once decreasing returns set in, the economy reaches a steady state. Only a sustained high demand of its export products allows the economy to thrive. Otherwise, the economy gets entrapped in a middle income level.

Author affiliation: Dabús, Carlos Darío. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Economía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Tohmé, Fernando Abel. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Economía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Caraballo, M. Ángeles. Universidad de Sevilla; España

Abstract:

We discuss the preimaginal development of the mosquito Aedes aegypti from the point of view of the statistics of developmental times and the final body-size of the pupae and adults. We begin the discussion studying existing models in relation to published data for the mosquito. The data suggest a developmental process that is described by exponentially distributed random times. The existing data show as well that the idea of cohorts emerging synchronously is verified only in optimal situations created at the laboratory but it is not verified in field experiments. We propose a model in which immature individuals progress in successive stages, all of them with exponentially distributed times, according to two different rates (one food-dependent and the other food-independent). This phenomenological model, coupled with a general model for growing, can explain the existing observations and new results produced in this work. The emerging picture is that the development of the larvae proceeds through a sequence of steps. Some of the steps depend on the available food. While food is in abundance, all steps can be thought as having equal duration, but when food is scarce, those steps that depend on food take considerably longer times. For insufficient levels of food, increase in larval mortality sets in. As a consequence of the smaller rates, the average pupation time increases and the cohort disperses in time. Dispersion, as measured by standard deviation, becomes a quadratic function of the average time indicating that cohort dispersion responds to the same causes than delays in pupation and adult emergence. During the whole developmental process the larva grows monotonically, initially at an exponential rate but later at decreasing rates, approaching a final body-size. Growth is stopped by maturation when it is already slow. As a consequence of this process, there is a slight bias favoring small individuals: Small individuals are born before larger individuals, although the tendency is very weak.

Author affiliation: Romeo Aznar, Victoria Teresa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina

Author affiliation: de Majo, María Sol. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina

Author affiliation: Fischer, Sylvia Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina

Author affiliation: Francisco, Diego. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física; Argentina

Author affiliation: Natiello, Mario A.. Lund University; Suecia

Author affiliation: Solari, Hernan Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina

Abstract:

Effective government action to alleviate social inequalities and boost economic growth, from the strict tax orbit, is a task consciously rejected by theparliament and government. Indeed, they subordinate inclusive public policies, almost exclusively, from "non-commercial" forms, such as those offered by the financial sphere through the use of conditional cash transfers, socialexpenditures and subsidies, tax collection products, others Government revenues and indebtedness. Although in Latin American countries poverty can be temporarily reduce through these government instruments, economic inequality will be maintained or will continue to increase, as will the opportunity grabbing, until there is no structural changes, primarily in the tax field, along with many other integrated solutions beyond the object of our study.

Author affiliation: Rezzoagli, Luciano Carlos. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales del Litoral. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales del Litoral; Argentina

Abstract:

The identification of the elasmobranch secondary ovarian follicles and their function can be challenging and the inconsistent use of terminology derived from other taxa is a matter of ongoing debate. In this study, the available information on the histology of the elasmobranch secondary ovarian follicles derived from atresia (preovulatory follicles) or ovulation (postovulatory follicles) is reviewed highlighting their morphology and steroidogenic capacity. Based on this literature review, the ovarian follicles of the Australian sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon taylori were classified according to their preovulatory or postovulatory origin. Two types of secondary follicles originating from atresia of developing follicles (atretic previtellogenic follicles) and ripe follicles (atretic vitellogenic follicles), and one type of postovulatory follicle were identified throughout the reproductive year of this species. Morphological similarities of the elasmobranch secondary ovarian follicles and their variations in different species denote the difficulty to classify them. Given the multiple origins of ovarian follicles, their poorly understood functions and capacity to supply steroids, visual identification of these structures and the use of terminology derived from mammalian and other vertebrate studies (with the exception of the corpora lutea as a temporary endocrine gland) is not advisable. J. Morphol. 278:486–499, 2017.

Author affiliation: Waltrick, Daniela S.. James Cook University; Australia. Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories; Australia

Author affiliation: Simpfendorfer, Colin A.. James Cook University; Australia

Author affiliation: Awruch, Cynthia Andrea. James Cook University; Australia. University of Tasmania; Australia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina

Abstract:

Because of the increasing availability of multi-core machines, clusters, Grids, and combinations of these environments, there is now plenty of computational power available for executing compute intensive applications. However, because of the overwhelming and rapid advances in distributed and parallel hardware and environments, today?s programmers are not fully prepared to exploit distribution and parallelism. In this sense, the Java language has helped in handling the heterogeneity of such environments, but there is a lack of facilities and tools to easily distributing and parallelizing applications. One solution to mitigate this problem and make some progress towards producing general tools seems to be the synthesis of semi-automatic parallelism and Parallelism as a Concern (PaaC), which allows parallelizing applications along with as little modifications on sequential codes as possible. In this paper, we discuss a new approach that aims at overcoming the drawbacks of current Java-based parallel and distributed development tools, which precisely exploit these new concepts

Author affiliation: Hirsch, Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Tandil. Instituto Superior de Ingenieria del Software; Argentina;

Author affiliation: Zunino, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Invest.cientif.y Tecnicas. Ctro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Tandil. Instituto Superior de Ingenieria del Software;

Author affiliation: Mateos Diaz, Cristian Maximiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Tandil. Instituto Superior de Ingenieria del Software;

Abstract:

Muchas regiones montañosas en todo el mundo se caracterizan por entornos duros, infraestructura escasa y contrastes extremos entre montañas y planicies y llanuras vecinas. La transhumancia es una adaptación social para manejar la heterogeneidad geomorfológica, como las tierras bajas y las tierras altas, y para hacer frente a la variabilidad ambiental (precipitaciones estacionales y regionales y nevadas). Se estudió el sistema regional transhumante con un enfoque de red en los Andes de la Patagonia Norte, Argentina.

Many mountainous regions worldwide are characterized by harsh environments, scarce infrastructure, and extreme contrasts between mountains and neighboring plateaus and plains. Transhumance is a social adaptation to handle geomorphological heterogeneity such as lowlands and highlands, and to cope with environmental variability (seasonal and regional rainfall and snowfall). We studied the regional transhumant system with a network approach in the Andes of North Patagonia, Argentina. We measured the connectivity promoted by the seasonal movements of herds and people (relationships) among different ecosystems (nodes), defined as winter and summer lands. We identified 238 networks. The highest frequencies corresponded to small network structures (dyads and triads), suggesting that landscape management is highly decentralized. Network complexity was positively related to ecological richness and diversity of connected nodes. However, most networks were dependent upon a central node, suggesting vulnerable situations regarding disturbances affecting such key nodes. The identification of social–ecological traps of this mobile system provided novel insights for policy decision making, which otherwise would not be evidenced with traditional approaches. Management proposals and policy making should consider the spatial and temporal scales of transhumant pastoralism, in order to avoid problems derived from fixation logics, scale mismatches, and disconnection.

EEA Bariloche

Author affiliation: Easdale, Marcos Horacio. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; Argentina

Author affiliation: Aguiar, Martin Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; Argentina

Author affiliation: Paz, Raul Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero; Argentina

Abstract:

This paper reviews skeletal variation of the prepollex and prehallux among anurans and analyses their ontogeny in neotropical species. Morphological diversity is related to the number and features of distal elements. In some groups, clear phylogenetic trends may be interpreted from prepollical and/or prehallical reduction. However, specialized patterns converge from similar habit or behaviour. Developmental data are considered for discussing homology hypotheses and also to interpret evolutionary changes of anuran prepollex and prehallux morphologies. There is an apparent invariance in the presence of these structures that suggests the prepollex and prehallux were integrated, conserved and evolved in the plan of anuran limbs. © 2001 The Linnean Society of London.

Author affiliation: Fabrezi, Marissa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta; Argentina

Abstract:

The maturation of mammalian carnivores from a lactating juvenile to a predatory adult requires a suite of changes in both morphology and behaviour. Bobcats (Lynx rufus (Schreber, 1777)) are medium-sized cats with well-developed skulls to process large prey that can exceed their body mass. An integrated view of the skull ontogeny in the bobcat was developed to detect the relationship between shape, size (on the basis of three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis), and life history. Dietary changes from juvenile to adults were taken into account and compared with other carnivores. Newborns were different from the remaining age stages in the behavioral and morphological characters examined, which allows us to relate them to the terminal morphology reached during the prenatal period. All findings were related to the reinforcement of the skull and the enhancement of predatory skills in adult bobcats. The final cranial shape is reached in A2 age class, after 2 years of age, and once sexual maturity has been reached. This is a pattern not followed for the rest of carnivores previously studied, which might be related to the capacity of subduing prey that exceed them in size, a behavior not common in felids of the body size of bobcats.

La maturation des mammifères carnivores du stade de juvénile allaité à celui d’adulte prédateur nécessite une série de changements tant morphologiques que comportementaux. Les lynx roux (Lynx rufus (Schreber, 1777)) sont des félins de taille moyenne dotés de crânes bien développés leur permettant de chasser et consommer des proies de masse plus grande que la leur. Une vue intégrée de l’ontogénie du crâne du lynx roux a été élaborée afin de déceler les liens entre la forme, la taille (sur la base d’une analyse morphométrique géométrique tridimensionnelle) et le cycle biologique. Les modifications de l’alimentation du stade de juvénile a` celui d’adulte ont été prises en considération et comparées a` celles d’autres carnivores. Les nouveau-nés étaient différents des autres groupes d’âge en ce qui a trait aux caractères comportementaux et morphologiques examinés, ce qui nous permet de les relier a` la morphologie terminale atteinte durant la période prénatale. Toutes les constatations étaient reliées au renforcement du crâne et a` l’amélioration des habilités de prédation chez les lynx roux adultes. La forme crânienne finale est atteinte dans la classe d’âge A2, après 2 ans et une fois la maturité sexuelle atteinte. Il s’agit d’une évolution non observée chez les autres carnivores déja` étudiés, qui pourrait être reliée a` la capacité d’avoir le meilleur sur des proies de taille supérieure, un comportement peu répandu chez les félidés de la taille du lynx roux.

Author affiliation: Segura Gago, Alda Valentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científico y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; Argentina