Abstract:

The relationships between FA and the volatile profiles of olive and walnut oils from Argentina were studied using GC and solid-phase microextraction coupled with GC-MS. The major volatiles were aldehydes and hydrocarbons, produced mainly through the oxidative pathways. n-Pentane, nonanal, and 2,4-decadienal were predominant in walnut oils, whereas nonanal, 2-decenal, and 2-undecenal were the most abundant components in olive oils. A multivariate analysis applied to the chemical data emphasized the differences between the oils and allowed us to see a pattern of covariation among the FA and the volatile compounds. The main differences between walnut and olive oils were the presence of larger amounts of short-chain (C[5]-C[6]) saturated hydrocarbons and aldehydes in the former and the greater quantities of medium-chain (C[7]-C[11]) compounds in olive oil. This can be explained by their different origins, mainly from the linoleic acid in walnut oil or almost exclusively from the oleic acid in olive oil.

Author affiliation: Torres, Myriam Mariela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Author affiliation: Martinez, Marcela Lilian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Author affiliation: Maestri, Damian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Abstract:

En la provincia de Córdoba, la producción olivícola se localiza principalmente en la región noroeste, en el departamento de Cruz del Eje y en menor medida Ischilin, y en el Valle de Traslasierra, en las proximidades de la ciudad de Villa Dolores (Departamentos San Javier y San Alberto). En Cruz del Eje-Ischilin se encuentran implantadas 4500 hectáreas, constituyendo uno de los cultivos de mayor importancia socio-económica de la región. El rendimiento promedio de aceitunas es de 2000 kg/ha, lo que proporciona entre 8 a 10 millones de kg anuales que representan el 13 % de la producción nacional de aceitunas. Las plantaciones se componen en un 70 % de variedades aceiteras siendo las mas importantes Manzanilla, Arbequina y Frantoio. Aproximadamente el 80 % del volumen de aceite producido se exporta ya sea fraccionado o a granel para realizar cortes. En relación a la arquitectura del olivar, en general se presenta con plantas de gran expansión vegetativa, es decir plantas de gran porte lo que dificulta la cosecha. La misma es exclusivamente manual. Se ha comenzado hace algunos años y teniendo en cuenta la antigüedad de los olivares, a realizar podas con rebajes severos de la copa para producir el renuevo de la misma. Son varios los factores que afectan a la producción oleícola de esta región; entre los mismos se puede mencionar a la época de recolección como uno de los más significativos.

Author affiliation: Torres, Myriam Mariela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Cuyo Mendoza - San Juan; Argentina

Author affiliation: Maestri, Damian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Author affiliation: Orecchia, Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Córdoba. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; Argentina

Abstract:

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), causing common mosaic, is the most important soybean virus in Argentina. Recently, five isolated (Marcos Juárez, Manfredi, Venado Tuerto, Vincus Plant and Noroeste Argentino) of SMV were characterized based on their virulence. The aim of this work was to determine and compare the effect of the isolates on selected soybean seed chemical and physical parameters. SMV reduced seed weight and volume. Infection caused a significant increase In protein content but had no effect on oil content of the seeds. Changes in seeds. Changes in seed fatty acid composition were variable; the most important was the decrease of linolenic acid content of SMV infected seeds. Soluble proteins were analysed by SDS-PAGE. There were no differences in protein patterns from infected and uninfected seeds, with exception of the subfraction A3 (glycinin fraction). Examination of the relation of virus incidence to physical and chemical characteristics of seeds revealed significant positive correlations between incidence and protein content, oleic to linolenic acid ratio and refraction index of the oils. Furthermore there were negative correlations between SMV incidence and stearic and linolenic acid contents, seed weight and volume.

Author affiliation: Torres, Myriam Mariela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Mendoza - San Juan. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina

Author affiliation: Herrera, P. S.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas. Instituto de Fitopatología y Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina

Author affiliation: Laguna, Irma Graciela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias; Argentina

Author affiliation: Maestri, Damian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Abstract:

Improvement of the oxidative stability of soybean oil (SBO) by blending with jojoba oil (JO) was investigated. SBO in the presence of 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt-% of JO was subjected to accelerated storage at 60 7C. Peroxide values (PV), anisidine values (AV), UV absorption characteristics (K232 and K270 values), and headspace volatiles were determined to monitor the oxidative stability of oil samples. JO was effective in reducing the formation of hydroperoxides and volatile compounds in SBO. The effect was remarkable in SBO/JO blends containing 15 and 20% JO, which showed significant reductions in PV, AV and volatile content with respect to pure SBO. The increased oxidative stability of SBO/JO blends could not be attributed to JO tocopherols, since the addition of JO to SBO significantly reduced the tocopherol content of SBO. Besides the tocopherol content and unsaturation degree of SBO and JO, the effect of the JO ester structure on the oxidative stability of the blends is discussed. The enhanced chemical and flavor stabilities of SBO/JO blends with respect to pure SBO may make a significant contribution to improve the shelf life of SBO by reducing the deterioration reactions related to lipid peroxidation.

Author affiliation: Torres, Myriam Mariela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Author affiliation: Lloret, Cynthia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Author affiliation: Sosa, Marina Miriam. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Author affiliation: Maestri, Damian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Abstract:

Oil blending was conducted to study the effects of changes in fatty acid composition (FAC), tocopherols and total phenol content (TPC) on oxidative stability of virgin olive oil (VOO):walnut oil (WO) blends. The measurement of the antioxidant activity of bioactive components present in the parent oils and blends was achieved by their ability to scavenge the free stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·). The highest percentage of DPPH· inhibition was found for pure VOO, and the lowest one for pure WO. EC₅₀ values obtained from the DPPH assay correlated significantly and inversely with TPC. The generation of volatile flavor components in VOO indicated the predominance of C6 compounds produced through biochemical (enzymatic) pathways, whereas WO showed increased concentrations of medium chain (C7-C11) aldehydes produced through chemical (oxidative) pathways. The results obtained confirm the importance of VOO phenolics in providing protection against oxidation in VOO and VOO/WO blends. However, considering the impact of FAC and the content of endogenous antioxidant substances mentioned previously on the oxidative stability of the oils analyzed, the effect of an elevated unsaturation level (WO) prevails over a high amount of such bioactive components

EEA San Juan

Author affiliation: Torres, Myriam Mariela. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina

Author affiliation: Albanese, María. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina

Author affiliation: Nasjleti, Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Author affiliation: Maestri, Damian. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Author affiliation: Martinez, Marcela Lilian. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Author affiliation: Pierantozzi, Pierluigi . Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Abstract:

Fatty acids, tocopherols, and phenolic compounds biogenesis from two major Spanish olive cultivars (Arbequina and Manzanilla) were analyzed for the function of the thermal regime during the fruit ontogeny in a non-Mediterranean environment. Bilinear models characterized the dynamics of fatty acid biogenesis. Regressions between the accumulated thermal time (TT) and the levels of both oleic and linoleic acids showed different responses to temperature of each olive cultivar. After reaching similar absolute maximum oleic acid contents at similar TT, the levels of this fatty acid decreased markedly in cv. Arbequina and its final concentration was 10 % lower than that found in cv. Manzanilla. In both cultivars, concentrations of all tocopherol isoforms were negatively associated with the TT accumulated over the entire oil accumulation period. Dynamics of phenolic compounds biogenesis showed no clear tendencies with TT. Nevertheless, and whatever the stage of fruit development, secoiridoids were the major phenolic components. Results suggest greater sensitivity of fatty acid metabolism to temperature in cv. Arbequina. This fact points out the necessity of appropriate evaluation of the ambient thermal characteristics before introducing this cultivar into new growing environments.

EEA San Juan

Author affiliation: Bodoira, Romina Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Author affiliation: Torres, Myriam Mariela. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina

Author affiliation: Pierantozzi, Pierluigi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina

Author affiliation: Aguate, Fernando Matías. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Cátedra de Bioestadística; Argentina.

Author affiliation: Taticchi, Agnese. Università degli Studi di Perugia. Dipartimento di Scienze AgrarieAlimentari e Ambientali; Italia

Author affiliation: Servili, Maurizio. Università degli Studi di Perugia. Dipartimento di Scienze AgrarieAlimentari e Ambientali; Italia

Author affiliation: Maestri, Damian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Abstract:

Durante la aplicación de una restricción hídrica invernal, en las temporadas de 2011 y de 2012, se cuantificaron y relacionaron el estado hídrico del olivo (Olea europaea L.) con el contenido de humedad del suelo y la temperatura ambiental. El experimento se realizó en olivos del cv. Arbequina de 10 años de edad implantadas en la EEA San Juan INTA (San Juan, Argentina). Los tratamientos aplicados fueron: T1, riego completo con reposición del 100% de la evapotranspiración de cultivo (ETc) durante todo el ciclo y dos tratamientos con restricción hídrica (21 de junio al 31 de agosto), T2, regado con el 50% ETc y T3, sin riego, para el resto de la temporada los riegos fueron con el 100% de ETc. Se midieron el potencial hídrico xilemático (Ψtallo), la conductancia estomática (gs), el contenido de agua extraíble relativa (AER) del suelo y el efecto de la temperatura ambiental. Los resultados demostraron la factibilidad en la aplicación de restricciones hídricas invernales en la región árida de Argentina con baja disponibilidad de agua durante ese periodo. Las disminuciones en el Ψtallo y en la gs dependen del contenido de AER del suelo y de la temperatura ambiental. La aplicación de una restricción hídrica que repone el 50% de la ETc, con una reserva inicial de agua fácilmente aprovechable (AFA) de 40 mm, afecta levemente el estado hídrico del olivo mientras que la aplicación de una restricción total del riego durante el invierno, sin reserva inicial de AFA, afecta severamente el Ψtallo y la gs hasta valores extremos -6,80 MPa y 5,67 mmol/m²/s, respectivamente. Los indicadores fisiológicos de Ψtallo y de gs del olivo se deben evaluar conjuntamente con el contenido de humedad del suelo

During the application of a winter water restriction in the seasons of 2011 and 2012, was quantified and related the water status of olive (Olea europaea L.) with soil moisture content and ambient temperature. The experiment was conducted in olive trees cv. Arbequina 10 years old in EEA San Juan INTA (San Juan, Argentina). The treatments were: T1, full irrigation with replacement of 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) throughout the cycle and two treatments with water restriction (21 June to 31 August), T2, irrigated with 50% ETc and T3, no-irrigation, for the rest of the season with irrigation were 100% ETc. The stem water potential (Ψtallo), stomatal conductance (gs), relative extractable water (REW) soil and the effect of ambient temperature were measured. The results demonstrated the feasibility in implementing winter water restrictions in the arid region of Argentina, with low water availability during that period. The decrease in Ψtallo and gs depends on the content REW of soil and ambient temperatures. Applying a water restriction which replaces the 50% ETc, with an initial reserve of easily available water (AFA) of 40 mm, slightly affects the water status of the olive tree; while implementing a full irrigation restriction during the winter, without initial reserve of AFA, everely affects the Ψtallo and gs to -6.80 MPa and 5.67 mmol/m²/s, respectively. Irrigation scheduling during the winter using Ψtallo and gs must be evaluated together with the soil moisture content.

EEA San Juan

Author affiliation: Ibañez, Antonio Alberto. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina

Author affiliation: Parera, Carlos Alberto. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina

Author affiliation: Torres, Myriam Mariela. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina

Abstract:

Thirty-eight accessions of olive (Olea europaea L.) originating from Córdoba province (Argentina) and preliminarily identified as belonging to the Arbequina variety were genotyped using AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) DNA markers. Also, the oil chemical composition was studied during three consecutive crop years. The objectives of the work were (a) to investigate genetic intra-cultivar diversity and (b) to evaluate the oil chemical composition and compare it with that of Arbequina oil produced in Spain. The 19 primer combinations employed to perform the AFLP analysis produced 98 polymorphic bands. A reduced genetic heterogeneity was obtained, confirming that (a) the selected accessions belong to the Arbequina variety and (b) the traditional vegetative propagation practice has caused low genetic erosion in this variety cultivated in Córdoba. The main features that characterise the Argentinian Arbequina oils studied are the lower content of oleic acid and higher levels of phenolics and high-molecular-weight volatile compounds compared with those found in Spanish Arbequina oils. In spite of the small proportion of intra-cultivar variability, the Arbequina variety grown in Argentina produces oils with different chemical traits from those obtained in the original Spanish growing region. These differences can be attributed mainly to the particular environmental conditions of the olive-growing areas in these countries.

Author affiliation: Torres, Myriam Mariela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Author affiliation: Pierantozzi, Pierluigi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Author affiliation: Caceres, Maria Eugenia. Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo; Italia

Author affiliation: Labombarda, Paola. Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo; Italia

Author affiliation: Fontanazza, Giuseppe. Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo; Italia

Author affiliation: Maestri, Damian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Abstract:

“Arauco” is the only olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivar recognized from Argentina in the World Catalogue of Olive Varieties. Drupes from this cultivar were handpicked at different stages of fruit development and ripening—referred to as days after full flowering (DAFF)—and analyzed to assess the oil accumulation pattern, and the dynamic of the changes in fatty acid, tocopherol, squalene, and phenolic compositions. The most intense oil accumulation period occurred approximately between 80 DAFF (pit hardening) and 150 DAFF (beginning of fruit maturation). Oleic acid content increased rapidly until reaching the maximum concentration (71.4%) approximately 80 DAFF, thus indicating that the most active biosynthesis period occurred at early fruit growth stages. Later, oleic acid content decreased gradually, almost linearly, to 62% at the final sampling point (215 DAFF). The dynamic of tocopherol accumulation showed a trend characterized by high amounts of the α‐ and γ‐isoforms in very young drupes, a pronounced decrease during fruit development, and little or no change during the fruit maturation period. The developing drupes were found to accumulate significant amounts of squalene (up to 12 500 mg/kg of dry weight at 96 DAFF), but squalene dropped strongly after the beginning of fruit ripening. Whatever the stage of fruit development, secoiridoids were the major phenolic components. On the basis of the evolution of the analytical parameters studied, the best stage for processing “Arauco” fruits for oil production seems to be that where maturity index is higher than 1 and lower than 2.

EEA San Juan

Author affiliation: Bodoira, Romina Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Author affiliation: Torres, Myriam Mariela. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina

Author affiliation: Pierantozzi, Pierluigi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina

Author affiliation: Taticchi, Agnese. Università degli Studi di Perugia. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali; Italia

Author affiliation: Servili, Maurizio. Università degli Studi di Perugia. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali; Italia

Author affiliation: Maestri, Damian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Abstract:

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is a crop well adapted to the environmental conditions prevailing in the Mediterranean Basin. Nevertheless, the increasing international demand for olive oil and table olives in the last two decades has led to expansion of olive cultivation in some countries of the southern hemisphere, notably in Argentina, Chile, Perú and Australia. While the percentage of world production represented by these countries is still low, many of the new production regions do not have typical Mediterranean climates, and some are located at subtropical latitudes where there is relatively little information about crop function. Thus, the primary objective of this review was to assess recently published scientific literature on olive cultivation in these new crop environments. The review focuses on three main aspects: (a) chilling requirements for flowering, (b) water requirements and irrigation management, and (c) environmental effects on fruit oil concentration and quality. In many arid and semiarid regions of South America, temperatures are high and rainfall is low in the winter and early spring months compared to conditions in much of the Mediterranean Basin. High temperatures have often been found to have detrimental effects on olive flowering in many olive cultivars that have been introduced to South America, and a better understanding of chilling requirements is needed. Lack of rainfall in the winter and spring also has resulted in an urgent need to evaluate water requirements from the flower differentiation period in the winter to early fruit bearing. Additionally, in some olive growing areas of South America and Australia, high early season temperatures affect the timing of phenological events such that the onset of oil synthesis occurs sooner than in the Mediterranean Basin with most oil accumulation taking place in the summer when temperatures are very high. Increasing mean daily temperatures have been demonstrated to decrease fruit oil concentration (%) and negatively affect some aspects of oil quality based on both correlative field studies and manipulative experiments. From a practical standpoint, current findings could be used as approximate tools to determine whether the temperature conditions in a proposed new growing region are appropriate for achieving sustainable oil productivity and quality.

EEA San Juan

Author affiliation: Torres, Myriam Mariela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Pierantozzi, Pierluigi. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Searles, Peter Stoughton. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de la Rioja. - Secretaria de Industria y Minería. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Provincia de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja; Argentina

Author affiliation: Rousseaux, Maria Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de la Rioja. - Secretaria de Industria y Minería. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Provincia de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja; Argentina

Author affiliation: García Inza, Georgina Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de la Rioja. - Secretaria de Industria y Minería. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Provincia de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja; Argentina

Author affiliation: Miserere, Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de la Rioja. - Secretaria de Industria y Minería. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Provincia de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja; Argentina

Author affiliation: Bodoira, Romina Mariana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina

Author affiliation: Contreras Valentín, Ana Cibeles. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Maestri, Damian. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina