Abstract:

We examined the bioaccumulation of α- and β-endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate in tissues from the crab Zilchiopsis collastinensis. There was more endosulfan accumulated in the hepatopancreas (from <2 to 467.8 ng g-1) than in the gonads (from <2 to 52.1 ng g-1) or muscles (<2 ng g-1). The endosulfan concentrations in the hepatopancreas decreased over time and with the endosulfan dilution (p < 0.05). In the gonads there was little bioaccumulation, which did not vary over time (p > 0.05). The hepatopancreas is a dynamic organ that is able to depurate itself, whereas the gonads act as a sink for pesticides.

Author affiliation: Negro, Carlos Leandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; Argentina

Author affiliation: Senkman, Lidia Eloisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; Argentina

Author affiliation: Vierling, Jaquelina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Repetti, María Rosa. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos; Argentina

Author affiliation: García, Silvia Rosa. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Collins, Pablo Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; Argentina

Abstract:

Los herbicidas constituyen fuentes potenciales de contaminación, siendo el agua uno de los componentes del ambiente más vulnerables. El glifosato (N-fosfonometil glicina) es el herbicida más utilizado a escala mundial. Actualmente, la información referida a su efecto sobre el agua resulta insuficiente, dado fundamentalmente por los altos costos de los análisis de laboratorio. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron evaluar el empleo de la técnica de ELISA como una herramienta rápida para el monitoreo de la calidad de aguas y cuantificar la concentración de glifosato por medio de la técnica de UHPLC-MS/MS. Cuando la técnica de ELISA determina valores positivos de glifosato, se requiere la cuantificación mediante la técnica de UHPLC-MS/MS para determinar la concentración exacta de glifosato en dichas muestras. Los resultados sugieren que la técnica de ELISA es factible de ser implementada en programas de monitoreo de aguas, constituyendo un método exploratorio que permite detectar cualitativamente la presencia o ausencia de glifosato.

Herbicides are potential sources of pollution; water being one of the most vulnerable components of the environment. Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) is the most widely used herbicide worldwide. Currently, the information on its effect on water is insufficient, mainly because of the high costs of lab tests. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of the ELISA technique as a quick tool for monitoring water quality and to quantify the concentration of glyphosate through the technique of UHPLC-MS/MS. When ELISA positive values determined glyphosate, quantification by UHPLC-MS/MS technique is required to determine the exact concentration of glyphosate in the samples. The results suggest that the ELISA technique is feasible to be implemented in water monitoring programs, providing a screening method that allows detecting qualitatively the presence or absence of glyphosate.

Author affiliation: Paravani, Enrique Valentin. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina

Author affiliation: Sasal, Maria Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Entre Ríos. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina

Author affiliation: Sione, Silvana. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina

Author affiliation: Gabioud, Emmanuel Adrián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Entre Ríos. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina

Author affiliation: Oszust, José Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina

Author affiliation: Wilson, Marcelo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Entre Ríos. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina

Author affiliation: Demonte, Luisina Delma. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Repetti, María Rosa. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos; Argentina

Abstract:

Los herbicidas constituyen fuentes potenciales de contaminación, siendo el agua uno de los componentes del ambiente más vulnerables. El glifosato (N-fosfonometil glicina) es el herbicida más utilizado a escala mundial. Actualmente, la información referida a su efecto sobre el agua resulta insuficiente, dado fundamentalmente por los altos costos de los análisis de laboratorio. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron evaluar el empleo de la técnica de ELISA como una herramienta rápida para el monitoreo de la calidad de aguas y cuantificar la concentración de glifosato por medio de la técnica de UHPLC-MS/MS. Cuando la técnica de ELISA determina valores positivos de glifosato, se requiere la cuantificación mediante la técnica de UHPLC-MS/MS para determinar la concentración exacta de glifosato en dichas muestras. Los resultados sugieren que la técnica de ELISA es factible de ser implementada en programas de monitoreo de aguas, constituyendo un método exploratorio que permite detectar cualitativamente la presencia o ausencia de glifosato.

Herbicides are potential sources of pollution; water being one of the most vulnerable components of the environment. Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) is the most widely used herbicide worldwide. Currently, the information on its effect on water is insufficient, mainly because of the high costs of lab tests. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of the ELISA technique as a quick tool for monitoring water quality and to quantify the concentration of glyphosate through the technique of UHPLC-MS/MS. When ELISA positive values determined glyphosate, quantification by UHPLC-MS/MS technique is required to determine the exact concentration of glyphosate in the samples. The results suggest that the ELISA technique is feasible to be implemented in water monitoring programs, providing a screening method that allows detecting qualitatively the presence or absence of glyphosate.

Author affiliation: Paravani, Enrique V. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina

Author affiliation: Sasal, Maria Carolina. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina

Author affiliation: Sione, Silvana María José. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina

Author affiliation: Gabioud, Emmanuel Adrian. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina

Author affiliation: Oszust, José Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina

Author affiliation: Wilson, Marcelo German. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina

Author affiliation: Demonte, Luisina Delma. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Argentina

Author affiliation: Repetti, María Rosa. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Argentina

Abstract:

Argentina, together with the USA and Brazil, produces approximately 80% of the total worldwide glyphosate loadings. The development of a simplified ultra-high performance liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method (UHPLC-MS/MS) for the determination of glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and glufosinate in water is described, including studies of several alternatives of 9-fluorenylmethylchloroformate (FMOC-Cl) derivatization and pretreatment steps. The proposed method includes acidification and neutralization of a low sample volume (3 mL), 2 hours derivatization step, cleanup with dichloromethane, followed by reverse phase UHPLC-MS/MS determination of the analytes. Figures of merit were satisfactory in terms of linearity, selectivity, accuracy and intermediate precision (%REC 70–105% with RSD < 15%). Limits of quantification (LOQ) were suitable for monitoring purposes (0.6, 0.2, 0.1 μg/L for glyphosate, AMPA and glufosinate respectively). The validated methodology was applied for the analysis of livestock wells waters from 40 dairy farms located in the central region of Argentina. Glyphosate and AMPA were quantified in 15% and 53% of the analyzed samples with concentrations ranging from 0.6–11.3 μg/L and 0.2–6.5 μg/L respectively. Greater concentrations of glyphosate were also verified in waters from open-reservoir tanks, which are directly exposed to the farm environment. In these cases glyphosate and AMPA occurrence increased, being quantified in the 33% and 61% of the samples with values ranging 0.6–21.2 μg/L and 0.2–4.2 μg/L respectively. Also in this case glufosinate was found in 52% samples at

Author affiliation: Demonte, Luisina Delma. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Michlig, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina

Author affiliation: Gaggiotti, Mónica. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Adam, Claudia Guadalupe. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina

Author affiliation: Beldomenico, Horacio Ramon. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Química Aplicada del Litoral. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Química Aplicada del Litoral.; Argentina

Author affiliation: Repetti, María Rosa. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Abstract:

Argentina, together with the USA and Brazil, produces approximately 80% of the total worldwide glyphosate loadings. The development of a simplified ultra-high performance liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method (UHPLC-MS/MS) for the determination of glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and glufosinate in water is described, including studies of several alternatives of 9-fluorenylmethylchloroformate (FMOC-Cl) derivatization and pretreatment steps. The proposed method includes acidification and neutralization of a low sample volume (3 mL), 2 hours derivatization step, cleanup with dichloromethane, followed by reverse phase UHPLC-MS/MS determination of the analytes. Figures of merit were satisfactory in terms of linearity, selectivity, accuracy and intermediate precision (%REC 70–105% with RSD < 15%). Limits of quantification (LOQ) were suitable for monitoring purposes (0.6, 0.2, 0.1 μg/L for glyphosate, AMPA and glufosinate respectively). The validated methodology was applied for the analysis of livestock wells waters from 40 dairy farms located in the central region of Argentina. Glyphosate and AMPA were quantified in 15% and 53% of the analyzed samples with concentrations ranging from 0.6–11.3 μg/L and 0.2–6.5 μg/L respectively. Greater concentrations of glyphosate were also verified in waters from open-reservoir tanks, which are directly exposed to the farm environment. In these cases glyphosate and AMPA occurrence increased, being quantified in the 33% and 61% of the samples with values ranging 0.6–21.2 μg/L and 0.2–4.2 μg/L respectively. Also in this case glufosinate was found in 52% samples at <LOQ levels and was quantified in one sample at 0.1 μg/L. This new information constitutes an important contribution to authorities and scientists for further research, control and risk analysis purposes.

EEA Rafaela

Author affiliation: Demonte, Luisina Delma. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos (PRINARC); Argentina

Author affiliation: Michlig, Nicolás. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos (PRINARC); Argentina

Author affiliation: Gaggiotti, Monica Del Carmen. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina

Author affiliation: Adam, Claudia Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. IQAL; Argentina

Author affiliation: Beldoménico, Horacio Ramón. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos (PRINARC); Argentina

Author affiliation: Repetti, María Rosa. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos (PRINARC); Argentina

Abstract:

Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide belonging to the neonicotinoid family. It was the first neonicotinoid introduced in the mid-1990s, and since then, its use has grown rapidly to control pests in a variety of agricultural crops. Several studies have shown that neonicotinoids translocate to the nectar and pollen of treated plants, which represents a potential risk to pollinators. Therefore, an open-field feeding study was carried out. For this purpose, 30 beehives of Apis mellifera L. were installed in the same apiary. All colonies were in similar health and population conditions when assays were started. For seven weeks, colonies were fed with sucrose syrup with different concentrations of imidacloprid: 15, 30, 120 and 240 μg kg −1 . Thus, the assays were divided into four treatments and a witness (Control) with no added imidacloprid. To check the hives’ exposure to imidacloprid and evaluate its distribution, sampling of adult worker bees and larvae was performed before, during and after the whole feeding period (7 weeks). Furthermore, in the 15th week, honey and beeswax (honeycomb) samples were collected from the brood chamber and honey super of all hives. Analytical methodologies for sample preparation based on the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) procedure were optimized and validated. After soaking the bees and honey samples and the extraction using acetonitrile with MgSO 4 and NaCl salts, a dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) step with MgSO 4 , PSA and C18 was applied. Melted beeswax was subjected to an acetonitrile extraction, followed by freeze-out and d-SPE with PSA and C18. Extracts were evaluated in a UHPLC-MS/MS system. LOQ (μg kg −1 ) values were 0.25, 0.50 and 1 for honey, bees and beeswax, respectively. Satisfactory recovery performance was achieved with relative standard deviation ≤20%. Residue concentrations of imidacloprid in samples showed correlation with the doses supplied, indicating exposure of the beehives to the insecticide. Honey stored approximately 60% of the loaded imidacloprid through syrup feeding.

Author affiliation: Michlig, Melina Paola. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina

Author affiliation: Merke, Julieta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina

Author affiliation: Pacini, Adriana Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina

Author affiliation: Orellano, Ramiro Emanuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina

Author affiliation: Beldomenico, Horacio Ramon. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Repetti, María Rosa. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Abstract:

Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide belonging to the neonicotinoid family. It was the first neonicotinoid introduced in the mid-1990s, and since then, its use has grown rapidly to control pests in a variety of agricultural crops. Several studies have shown that neonicotinoids translocate to the nectar and pollen of treated plants, which represents a potential risk to pollinators. Therefore, an open-field feeding study was carried out. For this purpose, 30 beehives of Apis mellifera L. were installed in the same apiary. All colonies were in similar health and population conditions when assays were started. For seven weeks, colonies were fed with sucrose syrup with different concentrations of imidacloprid: 15, 30, 120 and 240 μg kg−1. Thus, the assays were divided into four treatments and a witness (Control) with no added imidacloprid. To check the hives' exposure to imidacloprid and evaluate its distribution, sampling of adult worker bees and larvae was performed before, during and after the whole feeding period (7 weeks). Furthermore, in the 15th week, honey and beeswax (honeycomb) samples were collected from the brood chamber and honey super of all hives. Analytical methodologies for sample preparation based on the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) procedure were optimized and validated. After soaking the bees and honey samples and the extraction using acetonitrile with MgSO4 and NaCl salts, a dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) step with MgSO4, PSA and C18 was applied. Melted beeswax was subjected to an acetonitrile extraction, followed by freeze-out and d-SPE with PSA and C18. Extracts were evaluated in a UHPLC-MS/MS system. LOQ (μg kg−1) values were 0.25, 0.50 and 1 for honey, bees and beeswax, respectively. Satisfactory recovery performance was achieved with relative standard deviation ≤20%. Residue concentrations of imidacloprid in samples showed correlation with the doses supplied, indicating exposure of the beehives to the insecticide. Honey store

EEA Rafaela

Author affiliation: Michlig, Melina P. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina

Author affiliation: Merke, Julieta. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina

Author affiliation: Pacini, Adriana Cecilia. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Orellano, Emanuel. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina

Author affiliation: Beldoménico, Horacio Ramón. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos (PRINARC); Argentina

Author affiliation: Repetti, María Rosa. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos (PRINARC); Argentina

Abstract:

El objetivo fue evaluar la fitotoxicidad de un formulado comercial de glifosato (sal potásica al 62%, equivalente a 506 g p.a./L) sobre Lemna gibba, a campo y en laboratorio. El estudio a campo se desarrolló en un embalse asociado a un ambiente agrícola. Allí se realizó un análisis temporal, con observaciones en cuatro momentos en función de la proximidad a la fecha de aplicación del herbicida en el lote agrícola y al primer evento de precipitación que generó escurrimiento. La fitotoxicidad se evaluó sobre biomasa seca por fronde (BF) y contenido total de clorofila (CTC). Durante 15 días, en condiciones controladas se ensayaron 8 tratamientos con exposición a concentraciones de glifosato que variaron entre 0 y 15 mg/L. Se determinó el crecimiento poblacional, CTC y longitud de raíz. A campo, la inhibición significativa de BF y CTC registrada a posteriori del evento de precipitación no se pudo asociar a concentraciones de glifosato en el cuerpo de agua. Estos efectos podrían ser atribuidos al escurrimiento de otros agroquímicos que no fueron analizados. En laboratorio se verificó efecto fitotóxico sobre la longitud radical a partir de concentraciones de 0.2 mg/L. La información generada contribuye al diagnóstico de riesgo de contaminación por herbicidas en agroecosistemas. Los resultados obtenidos no son concluyentes e indican la necesidad de profundizar este tipo de estudios, dada la complejidad que reviste la investigación del efecto de agroquímicos en el ambiente.

The aim was to evaluate the phytotoxicity of one commercial formulated glyphosate (potassium salt, 62%, 506 g e.a./L) on Lemna gibba in field trials and in controlled laboratory conditions. The field study was conducted in a lentic water body associated with an agro-environment (Entre Ríos, Argentina). We conducted a temporary analysis with observations at four moments according to the proximity of the date of herbicide application in the agricultural lot and the first rainfall event that caused runoff. The phytotoxicity was evaluated on the dry biomass of frond (BF) and total chlorophyll content (TCC). In the laboratory, eight treatments were tested according to different concentrations of glyphosate (0 to 15 mg/L). The phytotoxic effects were assessed on the growth rate (GR), TCC and root length. In field study, the significant inhibition of BF and TCC observed in the subsequent sampling to the rainfall event that caused runoff could not be associated with concentrations of glyphosate in the body of water. These effects may be a�ributed to runoff of others agrochemicals not analyzed. In the laboratory, a significant reduction of root length was detected, while no significant differences were observed in GR and TCC between treatments. The information generated contributes to the diagnosis of risk herbicide contamination in agroecosystems. The results obtained are not conclusive and show the need to deepen this type of studies, given the complexity of the agrochemicals research and their effects on the environment.

EEA Paraná

Author affiliation: Sione, Silvana María José. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina

Author affiliation: Ramírez, Adriana C. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias; Argentina

Author affiliation: Sasal, Maria Carolina. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina

Author affiliation: Paravani, Enrique V. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina

Author affiliation: Wilson, Marcelo German. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina

Author affiliation: Gabioud, Emmanuel Adrian. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina

Author affiliation: Polla, Wanda Marina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias; Argentina

Author affiliation: Repetti, María Rosa. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Argentina

Author affiliation: Oszust, José Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between glyphosate and phosphate fertilizer application and their contribution to surface water runoff contamination. The study was performed in Aquic Argiudoll soil (Tezanos Pinto series). Four treatments were assessed on three dates of rainfall simulation after fertilizer and herbicide application. The soluble phosphorus in runoff water was determined by a colorimetric method. For the determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), a method based on fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (FMOC) group derivatization, solid phase extraction (SPE) purification, and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography?tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was employed. The application of phosphorus fertilizer resulted in an increased loss of glyphosate by runoff after 1 day of application. These results suggest the need for further study to understand the interactions and to determine appropriate application timing with the goal of reducing the pollution risk by runoff.

Author affiliation: Sasal, Maria Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina

Author affiliation: Demonte, Luisina Delma. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina

Author affiliation: Cislaghi, Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Gabioud, Emmanuel Adrián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina

Author affiliation: Oszust, José Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Wilson, Marcelo G.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Michlig, Nicolás. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina

Author affiliation: Beldomenico, Horacio Ramon. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina

Author affiliation: Repetti, María Rosa. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Argentina

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between glyphosate and phosphate fertilizer application and their contribution to surface water runoff contamination. The study was performed in Aquic Argiudoll soil (Tezanos Pinto series). Four treatments were assessed on three dates of rainfall simulation after fertilizer and herbicide application. The soluble phosphorus in runoff water was determined by a colorimetric method. For the determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), a method based on fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (FMOC) group derivatization, solid phase extraction (SPE) purification, and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLCMS/MS) was employed. The application of phosphorus fertilizer resulted in an increased loss of glyphosate by runoff after 1 day of application. These results suggest the need for further study to understand the interactions and to determine appropriate application timing with the goal of reducing the pollution risk by runoff.

Author affiliation: Sasal, Maria Carolina. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina

Author affiliation: Demonte, Luisina Delma. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Cislaghi, Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina

Author affiliation: Gabioud, Emmanuel Adrian. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina

Author affiliation: Oszust, José Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina

Author affiliation: Wilson, Marcelo German. INTA. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina

Author affiliation: Michlig, Nicolas. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Beldoménico, Horacio Ramón. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Repetti, María Rosa. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos; Argentina