Abstract:

Carrot residues were upgraded as pectin-enriched fractions (PEFs) useful for functional food formulation due to co-extracted antioxidants (α- and β-carotenes, lutein, α-tocopherol), and gelling effect. High power ultrasound (US)-enzyme assisted extraction was applied for efficiency and sustainability. Carrot powder (CP) in citrate-buffer (pH 5.20) was submitted to US-pretreatment (12.27 W/cm2: 20 kHz, 80% amplitude, 20 min) and a subsequent digestion (5h-40°C) without or with hemicellulase or cellulase. US-hemicellulase led to the highest PEF yield (27.1%), and extracted almost the whole pectin content of CP. US-pretreatment increased the extraction yield of all PEFs, but the existence of an additional positive effect of the following step depended on the enzyme used. PEFs contained 40-47% of UA with low DM (24-49.9%), and co-extracted antioxidants. US decreased the antioxidant contents, DM, and molecular weight, but allowed obtaining calcium crosslinked true gels, also with higher elastic modulus than non-US-extracted PEFs, being promising as food additives.

Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos

Author affiliation: Idrovo Encalada, Alondra Mariela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Flores, Silvia K. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Rossetti, Luciana. INTA. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina.

Author affiliation: Fissore, Eliana Noemi. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Rojas, Ana Maria Luisa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Perez, Carolina Daiana. INTA. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina

Abstract:

The quality of functional food products designed for the prevention of degenerative diseases can be affected by the incorporation of bioactive compounds. In many types of cheese, the performance of starter microorganisms is critical for optimal elaboration and for providing potential probiotic benefits. Phytosterols are plant lipophilic triterpenes that have been used for the design of functional dairy products because of their ability to lower serum cholesterol levels in humans. However, their effect on the starter culture behavior during cheesemaking has not yet been studied. Here, we followed DNA and RNA kinetics of the bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus, an extensively used dairy starter with probiotic potential, during industrial production of a functional, semi-soft, reduced-fat cheese containing phytosterol esters and alpha-tocopherol as bioactive compounds. For this purpose, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and reverse transcription-qPCR (RT-qPCR) assays were optimized and applied to samples obtained during the manufacture and ripening of functional and control cheeses. An experimental set-up was used to evaluate the detection threshold of free nucleic acids for extraction protocols based on pelleted microorganisms. To our knowledge, this straight-forward approach provides the first experimental evidence indicating that DNA is not a reliable marker of cell integrity, whereas RNA may constitute a more accurate molecular signature to estimate both bacterial viability and metabolic activity. Compositional analysis revealed that the bioactive molecules were effectively incorporated into the cheese matrix, at levels considered optimal to exert their biological action. The starter S. thermophilus was detected by qPCR and RT-qPCR during cheese production at the industrial level, from at least 30min after its inoculation until 81days of ripening, supporting the possible role of this species in shaping organoleptic profiles. We also showed for the first time that the addition of phytosterols at functional concentrations, not only did not affect starter performance but also correlated with a significant increase in target DNA and cDNA levels in most of the time points evaluated throughout cheesemaking. Therefore, these findings suggest that the growth and metabolism of S. thermophilus may be enhanced by the incorporation of these biologically active molecules during cheese production, providing important information for the industrial design of novel fermented foods.

Author affiliation: Pega, Juan Franco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Rizzo, Sergio Anibal. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Pérez, Carolina Daiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Rossetti, Luciana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Díaz, Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Ruzal, Sandra Mónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

Author affiliation: Nanni, Mariana Sandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Descalzo, Adriana Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement; Francia

Abstract:

The quality of functional food products designed for the prevention of degenerative diseases can be affected by the incorporation of bioactive compounds. In many types of cheese, the performance of starter microorganisms is critical for optimal elaboration and for providing potential probiotic benefits. Phytosterols are plant lipophilic triterpenes that have been used for the design of functional dairy products because of their ability to lower serum cholesterol levels in humans. However, their effect on the starter culture behavior during cheesemaking has not yet been studied. Here, we followed DNA and RNA kinetics of the bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus, an extensively used dairy starter with probiotic potential, during industrial production of a functional, semi-soft, reduced-fat cheese containing phytosterol esters and alpha-tocopherol as bioactive compounds. For this purpose, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and reverse transcription-qPCR (RT-qPCR) assays were optimized and applied to samples obtained during the manufacture and ripening of functional and control cheeses. An experimental set-up was used to evaluate the detection threshold of free nucleic acids for extraction protocols based on pelleted microorganisms. To our knowledge, this straight-forward approach provides the first experimental evidence indicating that DNA is not a reliable marker of cell integrity, whereas RNA may constitute a more accurate molecular signature to estimate both bacterial viability and metabolic activity. Compositional analysis revealed that the bioactive molecules were effectively incorporated into the cheese matrix, at levels considered optimal to exert their biological action. The starter S. thermophilus was detected by qPCR and RT-qPCR during cheese production at the industrial level, from at least 30 min after its inoculation until 81 days of ripening, supporting the possible role of this species in shaping organoleptic profiles. We also showed for the first time that the addition of phytosterols at functional concentrations, not only did not affect starter performance but also correlated with a significant increase in target DNA and cDNA levels in most of the time points evaluated throughout cheesemaking. Therefore, these findings suggest that the growth and metabolism of S. thermophilus may be enhanced by the incorporation of these biologically active molecules during cheese production, providing important information for the industrial design of novel fermented foods.

Author affiliation: Pega, Juan Franco. INTA. Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Rizzo, Sergio Anibal. INTA. Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Perez, Carolina Daiana. INTA. Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Rossetti, Luciana. INTA. Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Diaz, Gabriela INTA. Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Ruzal, Sandra Mónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

Author affiliation: Nanni, Mariana. INTA. Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Descalzo, Adriana Maria. INTA. Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. INTA-LABINTEX-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD). Département PERSYST; Francia

Abstract:

Misshapen carrots were upgraded as orange-colored pectin-enriched fractions (PEFs) useful as gelling agents and containing α- and β-carotenes, lutein, and α-tocopherol, by applying a green process consisting of an ultrasound (US) pretreatment (12.27 W/cm2 power intensity) followed by stirring in citrate buffer (pH 5.20) either without or with an industrial enzyme (fungal and bacterial hemicellulases, and cellulase) commercialized as baking improvers. PEFs showed uronic acid (UA) contents between 39 and 51% with low degree of methylesterification (DM, 37.2–48%), 11–22% degree of acetylation (DA), and a common molecular weight of 121,000–138,000 Da. The protein contents were 9.6–17.8%. Only the use of fungal hemicellulase produced per se higher yield of the PEF obtained (10.4%), in comparison to the non-US pretreated citrate buffer extracted pectins (6.9%). The US-pretreatment was the step that decisively produced high extractive yields (≈20%), while there was not additional contribution of industrial enzymes. However, enzymes permitted to obtain PEFs with different gel characteristics. US-pretreated PEFs at 2.00% w/v in water showed the best rheological performances, forming calcium-crosslinked true gels, more structured and with higher elastic (G’) modulus than non-US pretreated isolated fractions, one of which did not gel, being then useful as functional additives for food formulation.

Author affiliation: Perez, Carolina Daiana. INTA. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina.Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.

Author affiliation: Idrovo Encalada, Alondra M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.

Author affiliation: Gerschensona, Lia Noemi. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas; Argentina.

Author affiliation: Rojas, Ana Maria. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas; Argentina.

Author affiliation: Fissore, Eliana N. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales.Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; Argentina.

Abstract:

The effect of using increasing proportions of methylcellulose (MC) for the development of glycerol plasticized films based on high methoxyl pectin (HMP) (30:70, 50:50 and 70:30 w/w HMP:MC) and carrying l-(+)-ascorbic acid (AA) was studied with the purpose of achieving higher stability of AA and localized antioxidant activity at food interfaces. MC and 30:70 HMP:MC systems could not be casted. The shelf-life of the other AA-active films was assessed by storage at 25 °C, constant relative humidity (RH: 33.3%, 57.7% and 75.2%) and vacuum conditions. The rate constant for AA hydrolysis increased with the RH and, hence, with water mobility. Browning and AA degradation rates were directly related. When stored at 75.2% RH, both decreased as MC proportion increased. Compared to HMP film, the highest proportion of MC (50:50 HMP:MC) showed the highest AA stabilization under vacuum and greater performance under air atmosphere. They also developed localized antioxidant activity preserving the tocopherol content of walnut oil.

Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos

Author affiliation: Perez, Carolina Daiana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina

Author affiliation: De'nobili, Maria Dolores. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Rizzo, Sergio Anibal. INTA. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Gerschenson, Lia Noemi. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Descalzo, Adriana Maria. INTA. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Rojas, Ana Maria Luisa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Abstract:

A useful pectin-enriched fraction (PEF) extracted through high-power-ultrasound (HPUS) pretreatment and sodium carbonate was efficiently obtained from discarded carrots. Formerly, the effect of HPUS-power intensity and time (A: 40 min-2.08 W/cm2; B-E: 5–20 min ≈ 10 W/cm2) on carrot powder (CP) used for PEF-isolation, was investigated. Reducing carbohydrates-, cell-wall neutral sugars- (NS), uronic acids- (UA) of pectins, and protein releases increased with HPUS-energy. CP had antioxidant capacity, containing α- and β-carotene, lutein, α-tocopherol. Only HPUS B-E treatments (≈10 W/cm2) were capable to produce matrix disruption, promoting polymers' release. CP pretreated through selected E-treatment (20 min; ≈10 W/cm2) followed by 0.1M-Na2CO3 (1 h-stirring) extracted the whole pectin content of CP (UA = 14.0%). PEFs were orange, with co-extracted antioxidants. More substituted (1.27 NS/UA ratio) three lower molecular weights' components of HPUS-PEF produced higher Newtonian viscosity before shear-thinning, and calcium-crosslinked gels with lower elastic modulus (G’ = 12Pa). Sustainable HPUS/Na2CO3 method isolated efficiently an antioxidants-carrying PEF useful as functional food additive.

Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos

Author affiliation: Idrovo Encalada, Alondra Mariela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.

Author affiliation: Perez, Carolina Daiana. INTA. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Alzate Calderón, Paola. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.

Author affiliation: Zukowski, Enzo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, Argentina

Author affiliation: Gerschenson, Lia Noemi. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Rojas, Ana Maria Luisa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Fissore, Eliana Noemi. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Abstract:

l-(+)-Ascorbic acid (AA) was compartmentalized into a low methoxyl pectin (LMP) film in view of localized antioxidant activity at food interfaces. The AA hydrolysis was specifically studied in the present work in order to determine the ability of the formulated LMP film to stabilize AA. Hence, films were stored at controlled relative humidity (RH) in the absence of air. A commercial LMP characterized by a 40% degree of methylesterification (DM) was used. Since sucrose is normally added for its standardization, films were also made with the dialyzed LMP in order to determine the sucrose effect. Glycerol was used for plasticization. Kinetics of AA loss and subsequent browning development were determined, which are dependent on the RH. Considerable AA retention (t1/2 = 744, 727, and 185 days) was achieved at 33. 3%, 57. 7%, or 75. 2% RH, respectively, at 25 °C. Browning rate constants decreased in one order of magnitude with respect to kinetic constants determined from films previously developed with high methoxyl pectin (HMP; DM of 73%). Absence of sucrose in the LMP network only affected the browning kinetics at 75. 2% RH. The glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased with the increment of moisture content of the films and in a similar degree (Tg ≈ -90 °C) to that observed for the HMP films, indicating the contribution of water to the network plasticization. However, water was more confined in the LMP network as inferred from the water availability determined by the 1H-NMR and DSC. This was attributed to the water interaction at the Ca2+ junction zones. Sucrose seemed to hinder the retention of water molecules by the polymeric network at 75. 2% RH.

Author affiliation: De'nobili, Maria Dolores. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Pérez, Carolina Daiana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Navarro, Diego Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono; Argentina

Author affiliation: Stortz, Carlos Arturo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono; Argentina

Author affiliation: Rojas, Ana Maria Luisa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Abstract:

In this study, we evaluated whether quantitative PCR (qPCR) and reverse transcription-qPCR (RT-qPCR) results could be affected by extracellular (free) DNA or RNA, respectively, obtained either from isolated bacteria or from fermented dairy foods manufactured with these microorganisms. These experimental set-ups involved two starter lactic acid bacteria (SLAB), Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactococcus lactis, as models across their most common technological environments: yoghurt, milk and cheese. The presence of free DNA modified qPCR results in levels sufficient to bias SLAB determinations, indicating that DNA may be a poor measure of cellular integrity. Furthermore, we showed for the first time that an order of magnitude more of free RNA than of DNA had to be used to modify RT-qPCR results. Importantly, the interference produced by free DNA and RNA was maintained across all the dairy matrices evaluated, independently of the SLAB and of the source of nucleic acids used, in both negative and positive samples. This study suggests that, contrary to DNA molecules, mRNA from dead microorganisms or from other extracellular sources may not be a determinant factor in skewing molecular quantifications. Therefore, our results support the potential use of mRNA as a molecular signature of cell integrity in dairy matrices.

Inst. de Tecnol. de los Alimentos- ITA

Author affiliation: Pega, Juan Franco. INTA. Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Descalzo, Adriana Maria. INTA. Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. INTA-LABINTEX-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Déeveloppement (CIRAD), Déepartement PERSYST, UMR Qualisud; Francia

Author affiliation: Rossetti, Luciana. INTA. Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Perez, Carolina Daiana. INTA. Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Diaz, Gabriela Perez. INTA. Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Nanni, Mariana. INTA. Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Rizzo, Sergio Anibal. INTA. Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina

Abstract:

In this study, we evaluated whether quantitative PCR (qPCR) and reverse transcription-qPCR (RT-qPCR) results could be affected by extracellular (free) DNA or RNA, respectively, obtained either from isolated bacteria or from fermented dairy foods manufactured with these microorganisms. These experimental set-ups involved two starter lactic acid bacteria (SLAB), Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactococcus lactis, as models across their most common technological environments: yoghurt, milk and cheese. The presence of free DNA modified qPCR results in levels sufficient to bias SLAB determinations, indicating that DNA may be a poor measure of cellular integrity. Furthermore, we showed for the first time that an order of magnitude more of free RNA than of DNA had to be used to modify RT-qPCR results. Importantly, the interference produced by free DNA and RNA was maintained across all the dairy matrices evaluated, independently of the SLAB and of the source of nucleic acids used, in both negative and positive samples. This study suggests that, contrary to DNA molecules, mRNA from dead microorganisms or from other extracellular sources may not be a determinant factor in skewing molecular quantifications. Therefore, our results support the potential use of mRNA as a molecular signature of cell integrity in dairy matrices.

Author affiliation: Pega, Juan Franco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Rizzo, Sergio Anibal. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Rossetti, Luciana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Pérez, Carolina Daiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Díaz, G.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Descalzo, Adriana Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développerment; Francia

Author affiliation: Nanni, Mariana Sandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Abstract:

En la actualidad existe en los consumidores un creciente interés por productos enriquecidos con nutrientes o componentes que mejoren su bienestar (Grashorn, 2007). La producción de un alimento funcional tiene que estar abocada a aquellos alimentos de consumo habitual en la población, siendo el huevo un excelente producto a ser mejorado ya que en la Argentina se consume alrededor de un huevo por día (276 huevos/habitante/año) (CAPIA, 2016). La incorporación a la dieta de fuentes de Ácidos Grasos Poliinsaturados (AGPI) n-3 tiene un efecto profundo sobre el aumento de ellos en el huevo. Para este fin, se han usado fuentes como semillas y aceites vegetales (Bentancourt & Díaz, 2009; Antruejo, 2011), algas (Goldberg et al., 2013) y aceite de pescado (Castillo-Badillo et al., 2005; GarcíaRebollar et al., 2008). La eficiencia en la acumulación de n-3 depende del grado de suplementación de la fuente de n-3 en la dieta (Garcia-Gallobart et al., 2008). La incorporación de altos niveles de AGPI conduce al desarrollo, en algunos casos, de olores y sabores extraños (Scheideler et al., 1997; GonzálesEsquerra y Lesson, 2000) siendo una de las principales causas la oxidación de los lípidos. Por otro lado, existen trabajos donde la evaluación de huevos enriquecidos con AGPI n-3 han sido calificados como aceptables (Tserveni-Gousi et al., 2006; Cornejo et al., 2008; Garcia-Rebollar et al., 2008). Esta discrepancia podría ser explicada por el tipo de evaluadores y tipo de análisis sensorial que han sido utilizados en las diferentes investigaciones realizadas (Hayat et al., 2010). Para mejorar la estabilidad se utilizan diferentes antioxidantes, siendo la vitamina E y el selenio uno de los compuestos más utilizados (Meluzzi et al., 2000). El objetivo del este trabajo fue evaluar el impacto de la incorporación de aceite de vísceras de calmar producido en Argentina y la inclusión de vitamina E y Selenio orgánico sobre el valor nutritivo y la calidad sensorial del huevo.

EEA Pergamino

Author affiliation: Cardaci, Paola. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina

Author affiliation: Gallinger, Claudia Isabel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; Argentina

Author affiliation: Federico, Francisco Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; Argentina

Author affiliation: Perez, Carolina Daiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Author affiliation: Soteras, Trinidad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina

Author affiliation: Iglesias, Bernardo Fabricio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Sección Avicultura; Argentina