Authors: Koenig, Theodore K.; Volkamer, Rainer; Baidar, Sunil; Dix, Barbara; Wang, Siyuan; Anderson, Daniel C.; Salawitch, Ross J.; Wales, Pamela A.; Cuevas, Carlos A.; Fernandez, Rafael Pedro; Saiz Lopez, Alfonso; Evans, Mathew J.; Sherwen, Tomás; Jacob, Daniel J.; Schmidt, Johan; Kinnison, Douglas; Lamarque, Jean François; Apel, Eric C.; Bresch, James C.; Campos, Teresa; Flocke, Frank M.; Hall, Samuel R.; Honomichl, Shawn B.; Hornbrook, Rebecca; Jensen, Jorgen B.; Lueb, Richard; Montzka, Denise D.; Pan, Laura L.; Reeves, J. Michael; Schauffle, Sue M.; Ullmann, Kirk; Weinheimer, Andrew J.; Atlas, Elliot L.; Donets, Valeria; Maria A. Navarro; Riemer, Daniel; Blake, Nicola J.; Chen, Dexien; Huey, L. Gregory; Tanner, David J.; Hanisco, Thomas F.; Wolfe, Glenn M.
Publication Date: 2017.
Language: English.
Abstract:
We report measurements of bromine monoxide (BrO) and use an observationally constrained chemical box-model to infer total gas phase inorganic bromine (Bry) over the tropical Western Pacific Ocean (tWPO) during the CONTRAST field 40 campaign (January – February 2014). The median tropospheric BrO Vertical Column Density (VCD) over the tWPO was measured as 1.6×1013 molec. cm˗2, compared to model predictions of 0.4×1013 in CAM-Chem, 0.9×1013 in GEOS-Chem, and 2.1×1013 in GEOS-Chem with a sea-salt aerosol (SSA) bromine source. The observed BrO and inferred Bry profiles is found to be C-shaped in the troposphere, with local maxima in the marine boundary layer (MBL) and in the upper free troposphere. Neither global model fully captures this profile shape. Between 6 and 13.5 km, the inferred Bry is highly sensitive to 5 assumptions about the rate of heterogeneous bromine recycling (depends on the surface area of ice/aerosols), and the inclusion of a SSA bromine source. A local Bry maximum of 3.6 ppt (2.3-11.1 ppt, 95% CI) is observed between 9.5 and 13.5 km in air masses influenced by recent convective outflow. Unlike BrO, which increases from the convective TTL to the aged TTL, gas phase Bry decreases from the convective TTL to the aged TTL. Analysis of gas phase Bry against multiple tracers (CFC-11, H2O/O3 ratio, and θ) reveals a Bry minimum of 2.7 ppt (2.4-3.0 ppt, 95% CI) in the aged TTL, which is remarkably insensitive 10 to assumptions about heterogeneous chemistry. Bry increases to 6.3 ppt (5.9-6.7 ppt, 95% CI) in the stratospheric middleworld, and 6.9 ppt (6.7-7.1 ppt, 95% CI) in the stratospheric overworld. The local Bry minimum in the aged TTL is qualitatively (but not quantitatively) captured by CAM-chem, and suggests a more complex partitioning of gas phase and aerosol Bry species than previously recognized. Our data provide corroborating evidence that inorganic bromine sources (e.g., SSA derived gas phase Bry) are needed to explain the gas phase Bry budget in the TTL. They are also consistent with observations of significant 15 bromide in UTLS aerosols. The total Bry budget in the TTL is currently not closed, because of the lack of concurrent quantitative measurements of gas phase Bry species (i.e., BrO, HOBr, HBr, etc.) and aerosol bromide. These simultaneous measurements are needed 1) to quantify SSA derived Bry aloft, 2) to test Bry partitioning, and explain the gas phase Bry minimum in the aged TTL, 3) to constrain heterogeneous reaction rates of bromine, and 4) to account for all of the sources of Bry to the lower stratosphere.
Author affiliation: Koenig, Theodore K.. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Volkamer, Rainer. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Baidar, Sunil. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Estados Unidos. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Dix, Barbara. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Wang, Siyuan. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos. University of Michigan; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Anderson, Daniel C.. University of Maryland. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Salawitch, Ross J.. University of Maryland. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Wales, Pamela A.. University of Maryland. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Cuevas, Carlos A.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Química Física; España
Author affiliation: Fernandez, Rafael Pedro. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Universidad Tecnologica Nacional. Facultad Regional Mendoza. Secretaría de Ciencia, Tecnología y Postgrado; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina
Author affiliation: Saiz Lopez, Alfonso. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Química Física; España
Author affiliation: Evans, Mathew J.. University of York; Reino Unido
Author affiliation: Sherwen, Tomás. University of York; Reino Unido
Author affiliation: Jacob, Daniel J.. Harvard University; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Schmidt, Johan. Universidad de Copenhagen; Dinamarca
Author affiliation: Kinnison, Douglas. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Lamarque, Jean François. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Apel, Eric C.. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Bresch, James C.. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Campos, Teresa. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Flocke, Frank M.. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Hall, Samuel R.. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Honomichl, Shawn B.. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Hornbrook, Rebecca. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Jensen, Jorgen B.. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Lueb, Richard. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Montzka, Denise D.. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Pan, Laura L.. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Reeves, J. Michael. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Schauffle, Sue M.. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Ullmann, Kirk. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Weinheimer, Andrew J.. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Atlas, Elliot L.. University of Miami; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Donets, Valeria. University of Miami; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Maria A. Navarro. University of Miami; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Riemer, Daniel. University of Miami; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Blake, Nicola J.. University of California; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Chen, Dexien. School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Huey, L. Gregory. School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Tanner, David J.. School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Hanisco, Thomas F.. National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Wolfe, Glenn M.. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos. National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Estados Unidos
Repository: CONICET Digital (CONICET). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Authors: Fernandez, Rafael Pedro; Salawitch, R. J.; Kinnison, D. E.; Lamarque, J. F.; Saiz-lopez, Alfonso
Publication Date: 2014.
Language: English.
Abstract:
Very short-lived (VSL) bromocarbons are produced at a prodigious rate by ocean biology and these source compounds (SGVSL), together with their inorganic degradation products (PGVSL), are lofted by vigorous convection to the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). Using a state-of-the-art photochemical mechanism within a global model, we calculate annual average stratospheric injection of total bromine due to VSL sources to be 5 pptv (parts per trillion by volume), with ~ 3 pptv entering the stratosphere as PGVSL and ~ 2 pptv as SGVSL. The geographic distribution and partitioning of VSL bromine within the TTL, and its consequent stratospheric injection, is highly dependent on the oceanic flux, the strength of convection and the occurrence of heterogeneous recycling reactions. Our calculations indicate atomic Br should be the dominant inorganic species in large regions of the TTL during daytime, due to the low ozone and cold conditions of this region. We propose the existence of a "tropical ring of atomic bromine" located approximately between 15 and 19 km and between 30° N and 30° S. Daytime Br / BrO ratios of up to ~ 4 are predicted within this inhomogeneous ring in regions of highly convective transport, such as the tropical Western Pacific. Therefore, we suggest that experimental programs designed to quantify the bromine budget of the TTL and the stratospheric injection of VSL biogenic bromocarbons should include a strategy for the measurement of atomic Br during daytime as well as HOBr and BrCl during nighttime.
Author affiliation: Fernandez, Rafael Pedro. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Química Física; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina
Author affiliation: Salawitch, R. J.. University of Maryland. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Kinnison, D. E.. National Center For Atmospheric Research. Amospheric Chemistry División; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Lamarque, J. F.. National Center For Atmospheric Research. Amospheric Chemistry División; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Saiz-lopez, Alfonso. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Química Física; España
Repository: CONICET Digital (CONICET). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Publication Date: 2010.
Language: English.
Abstract:
A description of the non-LTE intramolecular ozone relaxation cascade considering the relative importance of different transitions on the O3(v1v2v3) vibrational levels has been studied by quantifying the kinetic law of every process and transition that affect each level population. The analysis considers the inclusion for the first-time of bending-to-stretching (k2D) transitions in the energy relaxation cascade of ozone after it is formed by three-body recombination. In this way, the vibrational temperatures and the relative contribution of every transition are presented as a function of altitude. The results show that the inclusion of the bending-to-stretching transitions in the O3 non-LTE relaxation scheme decreases the ν2-mode overpopulation and therefore the stretching levels' population increases, as required for a correct radiance simulation of the 4.8γm ozone emission in the upper atmosphere.
Author affiliation: Fernandez, Rafael Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentina
Author affiliation: Kaufmann, Martín. Research Center Julich, Institute for Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere; Alemania
Author affiliation: Toselli, Beatriz Margarita. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentina
Repository: CONICET Digital (CONICET). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Authors: Anderson, Daniel C.; Nicely, Julie M.; Wolfe, Glenn M.; Hanisco, Thomas F.; Salawitch, Ross J.; Canty, Timothy P.; Dickerson, Russell R.; Apel, Eric C.; Baidar, Sunil; Bannan, Thomas J.; Blake, Nicola J.; Chen, Dexian; Dix, Barbara; Fernandez, Rafael Pedro; Hall, Samuel R.; Hornbrook, Rebecca S.; Huey, L. Gregory; Josse, Beatrice; Jöckel, Patrick; Kinnison, Douglas E.; Koenig, Theodore K.; Le Breton, Michael; Marécal, Virginie; Morgenstern, Olaf; Oman, Luke D.; Pan, Laura L.; Percival, Carl; Plummer, David; Revell, Laura E.; Rozanov, Eugene; Saiz-lopez, Alfonso; Stenke, Andrea; Sudo, Kengo; Tilmes, Simone; Ullmann, Kirk; Volkamer, Rainer; Weinheimer, Andrew J.; Zeng, Guang
Publication Date: 2017.
Language: English.
Abstract:
Formaldehyde (HCHO) directly affects the atmospheric oxidative capacity through its effects onHOx. In remote marine environments, such as the tropical western Pacific (TWP), it is particularly importantto understand the processes controlling the abundance of HCHO because model output from these regions isused to correct satellite retrievals of HCHO. Here we have used observations from the Convective Transport ofActive Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST)field campaign, conducted during January and February 2014, toevaluate our understanding of the processes controlling the distribution of HCHO in the TWP as well as itsrepresentation in chemical transport/climate models. Observed HCHO mixing ratios varied from ~500 partsper trillion by volume (pptv) near the surface to ~75 pptv in the upper troposphere. Recent convectivetransport of near surface HCHO and its precursors, acetaldehyde and possibly methyl hydroperoxide,increased upper tropospheric HCHO mixing ratios by ~33% (22 pptv); this air contained roughly 60% less NOthan more aged air.Output from the CAM-Chem chemistry transport model (2014 meteorology)as well asninechemistry climate models from the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (free-running meteorology) are foundto uniformly underestimate HCHO columns derived from in situ observations by between 4 and 50%. Thisunderestimate of HCHO likely results from a near factor of two underestimate of NO in most models, whichstrongly suggests errors in NOxemissions inventories and/or in the model chemical mechanisms. Likewise, thelack of oceanic acetaldehyde emissions and potential errors in the model acetaldehyde chemistry lead toadditional underestimates in modeled HCHO of up to 75 pptv (~15%) in the lower troposphere.
Author affiliation: Anderson, Daniel C.. University of Maryland. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Nicely, Julie M.. University of Maryland. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science; Estados Unidos. University Space Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Wolfe, Glenn M.. University of Maryland. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science; Estados Unidos. National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Hanisco, Thomas F.. National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Salawitch, Ross J.. University of Maryland. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Canty, Timothy P.. University of Maryland. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Dickerson, Russell R.. University of Maryland. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Apel, Eric C.. National Center For Atmospheric Research. Amospheric Chemistry División; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Baidar, Sunil. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Bannan, Thomas J.. University of Manchester; Reino Unido
Author affiliation: Blake, Nicola J.. University of California; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Chen, Dexian. Georgia Institute of Techology; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Dix, Barbara. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Fernandez, Rafael Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano,; España
Author affiliation: Hall, Samuel R.. National Center For Atmospheric Research. Amospheric Chemistry División; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Hornbrook, Rebecca S.. National Center For Atmospheric Research. Amospheric Chemistry División; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Huey, L. Gregory. Georgia Institute of Techology; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Josse, Beatrice. Centre National de Recherche Météorologique; Francia
Author affiliation: Jöckel, Patrick. Deutsches Zentrum für Luft‐ und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Alemania
Author affiliation: Kinnison, Douglas E.. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Koenig, Theodore K.. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Le Breton, Michael. University of Gothenburg; Suecia
Author affiliation: Marécal, Virginie. Centre National de Recherche Météorologique; Francia
Author affiliation: Morgenstern, Olaf. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; Nueva Zelanda
Author affiliation: Oman, Luke D.. National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Pan, Laura L.. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Percival, Carl. University of Manchester; Reino Unido
Author affiliation: Plummer, David. Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis; Canadá
Author affiliation: Revell, Laura E.. Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science; Suiza
Author affiliation: Rozanov, Eugene. Physikalisch-meteorologisches Observatorium Davos World Radiation Center; Suiza
Author affiliation: Saiz-lopez, Alfonso. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Química Física; España
Author affiliation: Stenke, Andrea. Eth Zürich; Suiza
Author affiliation: Sudo, Kengo. Japan Agency For Marin-earth Science And Technology; Japón
Author affiliation: Tilmes, Simone. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Ullmann, Kirk. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Volkamer, Rainer. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Weinheimer, Andrew J.. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos
Author affiliation: Zeng, Guang. National Institute Of Water And Atmospheric Research; Nueva Zelanda
Repository: CONICET Digital (CONICET). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Authors: Puliafito, Salvador Enrique; Bochaca, Fabian Rolando; Allende, David Gabriel; Fernandez, Rafael Pedro
Publication Date: 2013.
Language: English.
Abstract:
A series of mobile and stationary meteorological measurements were performed in the city of Mendoza, Argentina to study the local influence of green areas on the urban canopy layer heat island effect at the micro scale, during the Aus- tral summer of 2003-2005. These results were associated in representative local climate zones (LCZ), which helped to identify different thermal conditions within the city. The physiologically equivalent temperature index was used to de- termine the thermal comfort in each LCZ, showing that during daylight, trees and parks improve thermal comfort through shading and evapotranspiration; but at the same time, urban tree corridors delay night cooling by retaining warm air beneath their canopies. Also irrigation showed to positively influence on the extension and intensity of the cooling effect of rural areas and parks. The cooling influence of an urban park spreads out through the neighborhoods for 800 - 1000 m, with an average temperature decrease of 1.3°C during daytime and >4.0°C at nighttime.
Author affiliation: Puliafito, Salvador Enrique. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Mendoza; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza; Argentina
Author affiliation: Bochaca, Fabian Rolando. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Mendoza; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Author affiliation: Allende, David Gabriel. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Mendoza; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Author affiliation: Fernandez, Rafael Pedro. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Mendoza; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza; Argentina
Repository: CONICET Digital (CONICET). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Authors: Cremades, Pablo Gabriel; Fernandez, Rafael Pedro; Allende, David Gabriel; Mulena, Gabriela Celeste; Puliafito, Salvador Enrique
Publication Date: 2017.
Language: English.
Abstract:
A proper representation of dust sources is critical to accurately predict atmospheric particle concentration in regional windblown dust simulations. The Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF/ Chem) includes a topographic-based erodibility map originally conceived for global scale modeling, which fails to identify the geographical location of dust sources in many regions of Argentina. Therefore, this study aims at developing a method to obtain a high-resolution erodibility map suitable for regional or local scale modeling using WRF/Chem. We present two independent approaches based on global methods to estimate soil erodibility using satellite retrievals, i.e. topography from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and surface reflectance from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Simulation results of a severe Zonda wind episode in the arid central-west Argentina serve as bases for the analysis of these methods. Simulated dust concentration at surface level is compared with particulate matter measurements at one site in Mendoza city. In addition, we use satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals to investigate model performance in reproducing spatial distribution of dust emissions. The erodibility map based on surface reflectance from MODIS improves the representation of small scale features, and increases the overall dust aerosol loading with respect to the standard map included by default. Simulated concentrations are in good agreement with measurements as well as satellite derived dust spatial distribution.
Una representación apropiada de las fuentes de polvo es necesaria para predecir adecuadamente la concentración de partículas en simulaciones de resuspención de polvo. El modelo Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF/Chem) incluye un mapa de erosionabilidad basado en la topografía del terreno, originalmente desarrollado para simulaciones de escala global, y que en consecuencia no representa apropiadamente la distribución geográfica de fuentes de polvo en Argentina. Por lo tanto, en este trabajo se desarrolla un método para obtener un mapa de erosionabilidad de alta resolución apropiado para simulaciones de escala regional o local con el modelo WRF/Chem. Presentamos dos aproximaciones independientes basadas en métodos globales para estimar la erosionabilidad del suelo a partir de información satelital; una basada en un modelo topográfico de la Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) y la otra basada en reflectancia del suelo del instrumento Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Se utilizó la simulación de un evento severo de viento Zonda en la zona árida del centro-oeste de Argentina para analizar estos métodos. La concentración de material particulado simulada se comparó con mediciones realizadas en la ciudad de Mendoza. Además, se utilizó información de espesor óptico de aerosoles (AOD, por sus siglas en inglés) para estudiar el desempeño del modelo para reproducir la distribución espacial de las emisiones de polvo. El mapa basado en reflectancia de MODIS mejora la representación de las características en pequeña escala y mejora las predicciones de inyección de aerosoles con relación al mapa original. La simulación realizada con dicho mapa arrojó valores de concentración que coinciden con las mediciones puntuales y la distribución espacial de AOD.
Author affiliation: Cremades, Pablo Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina
Author affiliation: Fernandez, Rafael Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentina
Author affiliation: Allende, David Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentina
Author affiliation: Mulena, Gabriela Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentina
Author affiliation: Puliafito, Salvador Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentina
Repository: CONICET Digital (CONICET). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Publication Date: 2009.
Language: English.
Abstract:
The relative importance of different processes and transitions in the appearance of non-LTE populations for the fundamental levels of ozone was studied by quantifying the kinetic law of every process and transition that affect each level population. The vibrational temperatures and the relative contribution of every transition are presented as a function of altitude. The results show that the appearance of non-LTE populations for the fundamental levels is not produced by a direct imbalance between absorption and emission but as a consequence of imbalanced collisional transitions provoked by the overpopulation of O3(0 v2 0) levels. This fact confirms that the relaxation cascade drives through the bending mode ν2. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Author affiliation: Fernandez, Rafael Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentina
Author affiliation: Kaufmann, Martin. Institute for Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere; Alemania
Author affiliation: Toselli, Beatriz Margarita. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentina
Repository: CONICET Digital (CONICET). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas